Green Mountain Coffee Essay Example for Free

Green Mountain Coffee Essay Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (GMCR) began as a little cafã © in Waitsfield, Vermont in the time of 1981. It was in 1993 that the organization opened up to the world and obtained the early period of Keurig Incorporated Inc, and afterward finished the securing in 2006. (Obscure.( 2004). Gmcr.Retrieved from http://www.gmcr.com/about-GMCR.html) Once these two organizations joined it made the manner in which we drink refreshments unique in relation to ever before in both the home and office. As per GMCR’s site â€Å"Today, GMCR is perceived as a pioneer in strength espresso and espresso creators, and recognized for its honor winning espressos, blending innovation, and earth and socially mindful strategic policies. † ((Unknown.( 2004). Gmcr.Retrieved from http://www.gmcr.com/about-GMCR.html) GMCR has three specialty units that they work with today. The first being claim to fame espresso which incorporates Green Mountain Coffee, Tully’s Coffee, Diedrich Coffee, and Coffee People. The second unit is the Keurig specialty unit, which made the sign cup fermenting framework. The third and last is the GMCR Canada. The GMCR Canada is claims all deals for the organization and incorporates the Van Houtte business just as Timothy’s World Coffee brand. ((Obscure.( 2004). Gmcr.Retrieved from http://www.gmcr.com/about-GMCR.html) The current CEO is Brian Kelley who joined GMCR in 2012. Before GMCR Brian Kelley was Coca-Cola’s Chief Product Supply Officer , and president and CEO of SIRVA, Inc. ((Obscure.( 2004). Gmcr.Retrieved from http://www.gmcr.com/about-GMCR.html) just as different organizations, for example, Ford Motor Company, GE, and Proctor and Gamble. In 2011 net deals were 2,650.9 million which was up 95% over monetary 2010. (http://investor.gmcr.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=622448) The obtaining of Van Houtte which occurred in December, 2010 notwithstanding the association with Starbucks and Dunkin Donuts with the K-cups alternative of their espresso has helped add over 321.4 million to the net deals in 2011. (http://investor.gmce.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=622448) GMCR has seen quickened development in the course of the most recent few years because of its Keurig single cup preparing framework and the K-cups that accompany it. The following is the breakout for the 2011 Fiscal Financial Review gave by (http://investor.gmcr.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=622448). 2011 2010 $ Increase SWOT ANALYSIS StrengthsWeakness S1-Strong notoriety with its customersW1-Keurig single-cup brewers all made by one assembling S2-AcquisitionsW2-Large % deals from one region of the business (K-cups brewers) S3-Marketing W3-Forecasting because of such short-term achievement OpportunitiesThreats O1-Increase showcasing to the age gathering of 40 and more established T1-Risk of licenses lapsing permitting different contenders into the market O2-Increase advertising in the Supermarket locationsT2-Keurig single-cup brewers all made by one assembling O3-Introduce other manufacturesT3-Product reviews item obligation T4-Coffee accessibility Investigation VIA PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL The danger of new entrantsThe haggling intensity of buyersThe dealing intensity of providers The opposition of this sort of item administration in view of cost overhead would need to originate from a definitely known organization or an organization that gets effective after the patients terminate that GMCR hold. Solid threatOver time as patients lapse purchasers will have haggling power. ThreatGMCR makes them manufacuting for the K-cups and fermenting frameworks which dwells in China. Shortcoming The danger of substitute item and servicesThe force of contention among rivals in an industry The danger of replacement is high. ThreatAlthough there are different organizations that attempt to offer a similar assistance, GMCR is at the highest point of the espresso business for this kind of administration. Quality Methodology USED GMCR is utilizing a separation methodology by offering an alternate path for the shopper to appreciate particular espressos, hot cocoa, and other hot drinks in their own homes, work environments, and lodgings at a general lower cost than cafés. They can do this by starting to lead the pack in the market because of their qualities in item improvement, authorizing concurrences with accomplices, and on-going fruitful acquisitions. GMCR development through their securing system and their authorizing understandings have been the greatest supporters of their development. In 1998 when Keurig propelled its first single-cup brewer for the workplace condition GMCR was there to cooperate with. (Dess,G, Lumpkin, G. Eisner, A.(2012). Key Management (6e). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.) Starting there on it simply proceeded with whether it be the concurrence with Starbucks in 2011 or the concurrence with Dunkin Donuts in that equivalent year to sell K-cup’s with both Starbucks and Dunkin Donuts espresso they keep on flourishing in the market. On the off chance that we take a gander at Porter’s nonexclusive procedures that our content discusses we can recognize the accompanying. †¢Differentiation †The item and administration that GMCR brings to the market is the best an incentive for cost and quality. †¢Focus technique The acquisitions and permitting understandings that GMCR has had the option to concentrate on keeps on permitting accomplishment to the purchaser markets and geographic markets. †¢Overall cost authority †GMCR can keep cost low in view of the measure of item they flexibly to the client absent a lot of rivalry. THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THIS COMPANY I think until further notice GMCR will keep on having upper hand. GMCR ought to have the option to achieve this by proceeding to offer their K-cups and blending frameworks at the equivalent serious cost to a similar kind of client. Despite the fact that licenses are prepared to lapse and a greater amount of the item and administration will have the option to join the market, I feel that GMCR with their past record of new item development will keep on endeavoring in the espresso market and lead the path for contenders to follow. Game-plan RECOMMENDED It is by all accounts that in view of the accomplishment of Keurig K-cups that GMCR has tied up their resources in one place absent a lot of spotlight on the remainder of their items. We can see this in both the 2010 and 2011 income (http://investor.gmcr.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=622448). With licenses getting lapsed soon by proposal would be that GMCR begins to concentrate on different items that they sell or that they begin to deal with the following incredible item for the espresso business. My dread is once licenses lapse that you may see a portion of the bigger distributers attempt to come into the Market and conceivable succeed if there ready to create a similar item at a lower cost. Feeling My assessment of the contextual analysis is first I had no clue about that GMCR was such a huge organization. I don’t drink espresso yet am a tea consumer and I surmise I just didn’t give a lot of consideration to the showcasing and publicizing . I’m sure they might want to hear this criticism, it might provide them some insight with regards to where the promoting needs to go during the following stage. All things considered this organization to me shows the genuine importance of extraordinary business initiative and a fruitful flexibly chain and center methodology. During the examination I even found a joint endeavor with 3M the organization I work with. It appears that 3M helped GMCR build up an espresso channel. This was a truly agreeable contextual analysis and it told an incredible case of the best way to be fruitful as I would like to think. References Dess, G., Lumpkin, G. Eisner, A. (2012). Key Management (6e). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Green mountain espresso roasters, inc.. (09/1). Recovered from http://investor.gmcr.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=622448 Obscure. (2004). Gmcr. Recovered from http://www.gmcr.com/about-GMCR.html

Attack on Fort Sumter Began the Civil War in 1861

Assault on Fort Sumter Began the Civil War in 1861 The shelling of Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 denoted the start of the American Civil War. With the blasting of guns over the harbor in Charleston, South Carolina, the severance emergency holding the nation swelled into a shooting war. The assault on the stronghold was the summit of a stewing strife wherein a little army of Union soldiers in South Carolina wound up disengaged when the state withdrew from the Union. The activity at Fort Sumter kept going under two days and had no extraordinary strategic criticalness. What's more, losses were minor. In any case, the imagery was gigantic on the two sides. When Fort Sumter was terminated upon there was no turning around. The North and the South were at war. The Crisis Began With Lincolns Election in 1860 Following the appointment of Abraham Lincoln, the applicant of the abolitionist bondage Republican Party, in 1860, the territory of South Carolina declared its goal to withdraw from the Union in December 1860. Announcing itself free of the United States, the state government requested that administrative soldiers leave. Foreseeing inconvenience, the organization of the active president, James Buchanan, had requested a dependable U.S. Armed force official, Major Robert Anderson, to Charleston in late November 1860 to order the little station of government troops guarding the harbor. Significant Anderson understood that his little battalion at Fort Moultrie was in peril as it could without much of a stretch be overwhelmed by infantry. The evening of December 26, 1860, Anderson shocked even individuals from his own staff by requesting a transition to a fortress arranged on an island in Charleston Harbor, Fort Sumter. Post Sumter had been worked after the War of 1812 to shield the city of Charleston from remote intrusion, and it was intended to repulse a maritime assault, not a siege from the city itself. Be that as it may, Major Anderson felt it was the most secure spot wherein to put his order, which numbered under 150 men. The secessionist administration of South Carolina was offended by Andersons move to Fort Sumter and requested that he empty the post. Requests that every single government troop leave South Carolina strengthened. Clearly Major Anderson and his men couldnt wait for long at Fort Sumter, so the Buchanan organization sent a vendor boat to Charleston to carry arrangements to the fortress. The boat, Star of the West, was terminated on by secessionist shore batteries on January 9, 1861, and couldn't arrive at the fortress. The Crisis at Fort Sumter Intensified While Major Anderson and his men were disconnected at Fort Sumter, regularly cut off from any correspondence with their own administration in Washington, DC, occasions were heightening somewhere else. Abraham Lincoln made a trip from Illinois to Washington for his introduction. It is accepted that a plot to kill him in transit was thwarted. Lincoln was initiated on March 4, 1861, and was before long made mindful of the reality of the emergency at Fort Sumter. Informed that the fortress would come up short on arrangements, Lincoln requested boats of the U.S. Naval force to sail to Charleston and flexibly the post. The recently shaped Confederate government kept up requests that Major Anderson give up the fortification and leave Charleston with his men. Anderson cannot, and at 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Confederate gun situated at different focuses on the terrain started shelling Fort Sumter. The Battle of Fort Sumter The shelling by Confederates from a few positions encompassing Fort Sumter went unanswered until after sunlight, when Union heavy weapons specialists started bringing fire back. The two sides traded gun shoot for the duration of the day of April 12, 1861. By dusk, the pace of the guns had eased back, and a substantial downpour pelted the harbor. When morning unfolded clear the guns thundered once more, and shoot started to break out at Fort Sumter. With the fortress in ruins, and with provisions running out, Major Anderson had to give up. Under the acquiescence terms, the government troops at Fort Sumter would basically get together and sail to a northern port. On the evening of April 13, Major Anderson requested a white banner to be raised over Fort Sumter. The assault on Fort Sumter had delivered no battle setbacks, however two government troops passed on during a monstrosity mishap at a service after the acquiescence when a gun failed. The government troops had the option to board one of the U.S. Naval force ships which had been sent to carry supplies to the fortification, and they cruised to New York City. Upon appearance in New York, Major Anderson discovered that he was viewed as a national legend for having protected the fortress and the national banner at Fort Sumter. Effect of the Attack on Fort Sumter The residents of the North were shocked by the assault on Fort Sumter. Also, Major Anderson, with the banner that had flown over the post, showed up at a monstrous meeting in New York Citys Union Square on April 20, 1861. The New York Times assessed the group at in excess of 100,000 individuals. Significant Anderson additionally visited the northern states, enrolling troops. In the South, sentiments additionally ran high. The men who terminated the guns at Fort Sumter were considered legends, and the recently shaped Confederate government was encouraged to frame a military and plan for war. While the activity at Fort Sumter had not added up to much militarily, its imagery was huge, and exceptional sentiments over what had happened moved the country into a contention that would not end for four long and grisly years.

Abnormal Psychology Dissociative Disorder Example

Abnormal Psychology Dissociative Disorder Example Abnormal Psychology: Dissociative Disorder â€" Essay Example > Dissociative DisorderIntroductionDissociative disorder refers to a condition that involves breakdowns or disruptions of awareness, memory, identity or perception. Dissociative disorders occur when individuals have constant and repeated incidents of dissociation. They normally lead to distress, and internal confusions that interferes with school, work, home and social life. The five DSM-IV dissociative disorders are depersonalization disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, dissociative disorder not otherwise specified and dissociative identity disorder. According to Haddock (2001) the disorders are dissociative because they are marked by disruption or dissociation of an individual’s basic aspects of consciousness, for instance one’s personal history and personal identity. Severe forms of dissociation occur as a result of traumatic experiences like childhood abuse, criminal attacks or involvement natural disasters. Individuals with acute stress disorder, conversion d isorder, somatization disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder might develop dissociative symptoms. Traumatic memories are not integrated or processed in the same manner as usual memories but are rather split off or dissociated and might reinstate consciousness without giving a warning. The affected individual is usually not able to edit or control these memories and as time goes by, traumatic and the normal memories might coexist as analogous without being blended or combined. In severe cases diverse sets of dissociative memories might make individuals to develop detached personality states of these memories resulting to a disorder called dissociative identity disorder. Dissociation and dissociative disorderDissociation is a term that describes the lack of connection amid things that are normally associated with one another. Dissociation permits the mind to compartmentalize or separate certain thoughts or memories from normal consciousness. Dissociated experiences are not incorpo rated into the normal self sense, and this leads to discontinuity in awareness. In extreme types of dissociation, disconnection takes place in the normally incorporated functions of memory, consciousness, perception or identity. For instance, a person might think about an occurrence that was extremely upsetting but lack the feeling about it. Dissociation can affect the subjectivity of a person and transform the ordinary feelings, actions and thoughts. These transformed emotions or thoughts make the affected individual undertake an act that she or he is not aware of. For instance, a person may abruptly develop a feeling of unbearable sadness without any clear reason for this feeling and then this feeling disappear in the same way it emerged or a person may find herself or himself doing a thing that she or he don’t usually do and find it hard to stop these actions (Putnam, 1997). Five core dissociative symptomsDepersonalizationDepersonalization is the alteration of one’s experien ce of self or perception and person feels disconnected from his of her usual self. Depersonalization also manifests itself through a feeling that the self is unreal or strange, feeling as if one is in dream or feeling as if one were a robot. DerializationDerialization refers to the alteration in experience or perception of the external world. It normally involves a sense of loss of awareness of one’s interpersonal or physical environment. People with this symptom may view the people they know as strangers.

My Semester in Greece Essay - 921 Words

I had so many experiences that I feel as though I lived an entire chapter of my life in Greece. nbsp; My adventure began in Athens. I took a three week class entitled Discovering Ancient Athens on Site. The professor was excellent, and I was able to visit some of the most important historical sites in the western world. Imagine seeing a machine used to allot fair and impartial juries over two thousand years ago. Or standing in the room in which Socrates drank hemlock to end his life. The foundations of western society, both governmental and cultural, were laid in ancient Greece. I am very curious in the governmental and economic structures in the world today, and I found studying ancient Greece to be helpful in understanding†¦show more content†¦Everyone in our apartment loved the fresh fruits and vegetables and the social exchange between buyer and seller. I could not imagine such an event taking place weekly in downtown Indianapolis. nbsp; After three weeks in Athens, I spent six weeks on the island Paros taking courses in modern Greek (language). The six weeks I passed in Paros were indescribable. From a large polluted city, I arrived onto a beautiful, peaceful Greek island. Every day would begin with class. The afternoon would be spent studying, eating lunch, and when time permitted, sifting on the beach. More classes were held in the afternoon, and each night held a feast. Some weekends were spent traveling to exotic islands like Santorini and Mykonos. Others were spent on Paros. Along the way, I was able to catch a glimpse of Greek island life. nbsp; The culture on Greek islands is such that it must be experienced. Everyone is incredibly laid back. Meals are enjoyed, not just eaten. Dinner is a social event that often runs into late night or morning. One thing about Greece is that everyone is very social. This is simply the culture. People go for coffee, for dinner, or just for a walk to speak together. Everyone is always out, and everyone is always talking. And when people talk, they talk about everything. Nothing is left out of the discussion, and no topic is feared.Show MoreRelatedEbt Crisis Essay776 Words   |  4 Pageson islands that use the same currency as my geopolitical issue but not involved in the predicament. Being unaware about issues on the other side of the world made me realize on intriguing economic debt crisis that is going on in countries that seem like they are holding together. Greece and the European was a great issue to discuss and view both sides before since I was unaware that there was a long going crisis going on in this side of the world. Greece can either get a so many bailouts repeatedlyRead Moreâ€Å"Do not judge me by my successes, judge me by how many times I fell down and got back up again.† –700 Words   |  3 Pagesjudge me by my successes, judge me by how many times I fell down and got back up again.† – Nelson Mandela. The quote by Nelson Mandela, sums up my personality,↠ a better way to say this? Explains the type of person I am? I am persistent. I do not give up, and I am determined to succeed in my academics. I have overcome a lot of struggles throughout the undergraduate years. Which lead to my falling, but over the years I p icked myself back up and showed that I am able to succeed with my degree in SociologyRead MoreEthics And The Entire Code Of Ethics938 Words   |  4 Pagespopulations, and experience research. While conducting my second interview with Dr. Kozaitis I found that her and Dr. Lind had a lot in common. 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Inventions Timeline Middle Ages Innovations

Though there is a dispute as to the exact years that bookend the Middle Ages, most sources say 500 A.D. to 1450 A.D. Many history  books call this time the Dark Ages as it reflected a lull in learning and literacy, but, in fact, there were plenty of inventions and highlights during this time.   The time period was known for its famine, plague, feuding and warring, namely the biggest period of bloodshed was during the Crusades. The church was the overwhelming power in the West and the most educated people were the clergy.  While there was a suppression of knowledge and learning, the Middle Ages continued to be a period full of discovery and innovation, especially in the Far East. A lot of inventions sprouted from Chinese culture. The following highlights range from the year 1000 to 1400. Paper Money as Currency   In 1023, the first government-issued paper money was printed in China.  Paper money was an innovation that replaced paper money that had been issued by private enterprises in the early 10th century in the Szechuan province. When he returned to Europe, Marco Polo wrote a chapter about paper money, but paper money did not take off in Europe until Sweden began printing paper currency in 1601.   Movable Type Printing Press   Although Johannes Gutenberg is usually credited with inventing the first printing press about 400 years later, it was, in fact, Han Chinese innovator Bi Sheng (990–1051) during the  Northern Song Dynasty  (960–1127), who gave us the  worlds first movable type printing press  technology. He  printing  paper  books  from ceramic  porcelain china  materials around 1045. Magnetic Compass   The magnetic compass was rediscovered in 1182 by the European world for maritime use. Despite European claims to the invention, it was first used by the Chinese around 200 A.D. mainly for fortune-telling. The Chinese used the magnetic compass for sea travel in the 11th century. Buttons for Clothing Functional buttons with buttonholes for fastening or closing clothes made their first appearance in  Germany  in the 13th century.  Prior to that time, buttons were ornamental rather than functional.  Buttons became widespread with the rise of snug-fitting garments in 13th- and 14th-century  Europe. The use of buttons used as adornment or decoration have been found dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization around  2800 B.C.,  China  around 2000 B.C. and the ancient Roman civilization. Numbering System   Italian mathematician, Leonardo Fibonacci introduced the Hindu-Arabic numbering system to the Western World  primarily through his composition in 1202 of  Liber Abaci, also known as The  Book of Calculation. He also introduced Europe to the sequence of  Fibonacci numbers. Gunpowder Formula   English scientist, philosopher, and Franciscan friar Roger Bacon  were the first European to describe in detail the process of making  gunpowder. Passages in his books, the Opus Majus and the Opus Tertium are usually taken as the first European descriptions of a mixture containing the essential ingredients of gunpowder. It is believed that  Bacon most likely witnessed at least one demonstration of  Chinese  firecrackers, possibly obtained by Franciscans  who visited the Mongolian Empire during this period.  Among his other ideas, he proposed flying machines and motorized ships and carriages.   Gun It is hypothesized that the Chinese invented black powder during the 9th century. A couple hundred years later, a  gun or  firearm  was invented by Chinese innovators  around 1250 for usage as a signaling and celebration device and remained as such for hundreds of years.  The oldest surviving firearm is the  Heilongjiang hand cannon,  which dates back to 1288. Eyeglasses   It is estimated about 1268  in Italy, the earliest version of eyeglasses was invented. They were used by monks and scholars. They were held in front of the eyes or balanced on the nose. Mechanical Clocks A major advance occurred with the invention of the  verge escapement, which made possible the first mechanical clocks around 1280 in  Europe. A verge escapement is a mechanism in a mechanical clock that controls its rate by allowing the gear train to advance at regular intervals or ticks. Windmills The earliest recorded use of windmills found by archaeologists is 1219 in China.  Early windmills were used to power grain mills and water pumps.  The  concept of the windmill spread to Europe after the Crusades. The earliest European designs, documented in 1270. In general, these mills had four blades mounted on a central post. They had a cog and ring gear that translated the horizontal motion of the central shaft into vertical motion for the grindstone or wheel which would then be used for pumping water or grinding grain. Modern Glassmaking The 11th century saw the emergence in  Germany  of new ways of making sheet glass by blowing spheres. The spheres were then formed into cylinders and then cut while still hot, after which the sheets were flattened. This technique was perfected in 13th century  Venice around 1295.  What made Venetian  Murano glass  significantly different was that the local quartz pebbles were almost pure silica, which made the clearest and purest glass.  The Venetian ability to produce this superior form of glass resulted in a trade advantage over other glass producing lands. First Sawmill for Shipmaking In 1328, some historical sources show that a sawmill was developed to form lumber to build ships. A blade is pulled back and forth using a reciprocating saw and water wheel system. Future Inventions Future generations built upon the inventions of the past to come up with marvelous devices, some that were unfathomable to the people in the Middle Ages. The following years include lists of those inventions.

Analysis Of Ford s Value Chain Essay - 932 Words

Value chain analysis Ford understands its value chain and regularly monitors and analyzes it as part of its â€Å"materiality analysis† (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). The value chain provides for Ford a road map for the identification of key impacts, stakeholders, stages of importance, and the value created which have a multinational effect impacting social, economic, and environmental factors (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). First is the Ford product planning and design stage of the value chain, which identifies key issues and impacts such as environmental regulatory factors, strategy, and sustainability (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). Listed below are the Ford identified key issues and impacts found in Ford’s corporate web page, www.corporateford.com: †¢ Greenhouse gas (GHG)/fuel economy and other environmental regulations †¢ Low-carbon strategy †¢ Energy use/oil consumption and GHG emissions †¢ Electrification strategy †¢ Environmental management †¢ Water strategy †¢ Sustainability vision, governance and management †¢ Land and nature †¢ Waste generation and management †¢ Tailpipe emissions †¢ End-of-life management †¢ Sustainable mobility †¢ Sustainable materials †¢ Emerging market products and services strategy †¢ Alignment of production with demand †¢ Product competitiveness †¢ Brand reputation/value †¢ Quality †¢ Risk and cost management †¢ Vehicle safety Ford’s identified key stakeholders are its employees, suppliers, itself, and the communities its operates inShow MoreRelatedThe Social Responsibility Of The Automobile Industry1282 Words   |  6 Pageswhen doing business in foreign countries that can be sometimes very costly. 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As CEO, Mr. Ford improved quality, lowered costs and delivered exciting new products. During his time in that position, he took the company from a $5.5 billion loss in 2001 to thr ee straight years of profitability. On September 5, 2006, Ford announced thatRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ford Motor Company1049 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis is a tactical method used to verify any company’s or any firm’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A company should use SWOT analysis to assess and make precise decisions in regards to the company’s growth and success and future development. The company’s Strengths are the internal characteristics that help it to run successfully and have an advantage over their competition and accelerate the company in reaching its goals and objectives. 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Audit Opinion and Earnings Management

Question: Discuss about the Audit Opinion and Earnings Management. Answer: Introduction In this report, ethical principle related to the auditing and accounting professional are discussed and applied in the different situations. Accountants Code of Ethics in Australia is discussed to determine the accuracy in the acts of auditor and accountants. Apart from this, the type of auditor opinion is also discussed in this report to develop clear understanding regarding the ethical and legal limitation for the profession of auditor and accounting. In this situation, Accountants Code of Ethics (ACE) has been violated by accepting referral fee or commissions. In practice, accountant acceptance for the referral fee and commission is likely to cause threat of self-interest that violates objectivity and professional competence and due care principle of ethics. Harmon will get commission from the Computer Services Ltd (third party) if he would create sales for this company. In such circumstance, Harman can persuade the clients in wrongful manner for getting the commission fee (Al Momani and Obeidat, 2012). The accountant may likely to practice accountancy in favor of client, which would cause violation of ethical principle. The auditor has been violated the ACE in the given situation by disclosing personal information of the clients to the Allied Insurance. By this practice, David has been violated confidentiality principle of ACE. This principle imposes obligation on the accountants and auditors for avoiding disclosure of clients personal information to the third party without any legal or authentic duty. By disclosing clients information to the other parties without their consent, this auditor has violated the confidentiality ethical principle of accountant professional at the greater extent (APESB, 2010). It could create negative impact on the interest of clients. In the given situation, the accountant and the firm will violate the ethical principle of confidentiality by allowing clients to work on the computer in which it stores and maintains records details of the client. Due to this, any client can access the information of other, which is prohibited in the ACE. This is likely to cause legal obligations for the accountancy firm. The involvement of audit section in the auditing of client will not cause violation of any ethical principle as audit branch is ethically responsible for protecting personal information of the clients and their interest (Kung and Li Huang, 2013). In this way, access of client over the firms computer is likely to violate the ethical principles. Management service work is handled by another public accountant in Williams Pty Ltd, which is an audit client of Stephanie Barry. Barry shares information regarding management services of her firm with the client voluntary on monthly basis. By this act, Barry violated the ethical principle of integrity as due to this, the auditor behaves in dishonest manner in professional. By sharing firms information to the other accountancy firm shows unfair dealings and dishonesty in practice, which is likely to causes violation of ethical principle (Cohen et al., 2013). Thus, Barry will breech the ethics of accountancy profession of ACE. In the given situation, there has been a violation of ACE as Katrina is responsible for playing dual roles in the organizations. She is an audit manger as well as a member of the Board of Directors in a not for profit organization. Due to dual responsibility, objectivity principle of accountancy practice is likely to affect in negative manner. The dual responsibility of Katrina can cause conflict of interest or biasness due to which professional duties and business judgments can be compromised. By playing role of audit manager, she is responsible for depicting actual financial and operational performance of firm, whereas in role of board of directors, the person is accountable to work in interest of the stakeholders. This is likely to cause violation of ethical principle (APESB, 2010). Peter as public accountant provides range of services to the same client on frequently basis. By providing range of services to the client, the objectivity and professional behavior are some ethical principles violated by the accountant. Conflict of interest and biasness are some issues raised in this situation as the accountant would play several roles in a firm at a time. For example: Peter provides management advisory and auditing services to this firm. As a management advisor, public accountant may advice to the firm for avoiding taxes and it will cause biasness in performing the role of auditor (Gaffikin and Lindawati, 2012). This will have negative impact on the objectivity ethical principle of ACE. The Hornsby Auditors has violated professional behavior as the services are marketed in a way, which is quite inconsistent with this principle. In advertisement, the firm has made claims for service quality in exaggerate manner. It is inconsistent with the principle of professional behavior as in this self-interest threat is likely to appear. For attracting clients, it has overstated the service quality and gained experience. Apart from this, it also compared offered services to the other providers of state, which also opposes the ethical principle of professional behavior (). Due to self-interest, this firm has made unproven comparisons with the other. It also clearly shows the violation of professional behavior principle. The auditor fee of David Cheadle is due for a long time and this practice has violated ethical principle of objectivity. In accordance to the ethical principle of ACE, the audit fee should be paid to the auditor before the issue of audit report for the following year. This creates self-interest threat and it should be eliminated or reduced at the accepted level. The auditor has planned to start auditing for the next year without receiving the due payment of the last year, which may affect the quality of auditing due to the self-interest aspect. The ethical principle related to fee-overdue indicates that due payment of auditor for long time is likely to create self-interest threat and to affect the objectivity and integrity in the accounting profession (Avram and ?ogoe, 2012). Thus, the situation clearly indicates breech of ethical principle in the auditing practice. The type of opinion is qualified or except for as in this, the auditor stated that some part of the financial statement lacks adequate evidences. The auditor failed to find confirmation from the clients major customers and thus part related to them in financial statement cannot be true. The remaining part of the financial reports shows true and fair view. The auditor is responsible to follow confidential ethical principle and thus, the inclusion of any client as samples without their consent is likely to create ethical issues for the auditor. In the given situation, the auditor was able to eliminate the legal responsibilities by balancing accounts through the use of auditing procedures (CPA Australia, 2014). But, the use of auditing procedure for self-interest is likely to create ethical issues. The application of auditing procedure to conceal the wrongful act is unethical in the auditing profession. In this situation, the type of opinion is adverse as the client restrict auditor to evaluate the 20% of total assets in the firm balance sheet. Plant, properly and machinery is not evaluated by the auditors due to interference of the client in the auditing procedure. It causes negative opinions for the practices of management, which are used to develop financial reporting framework. In developing financial statement, the firm affects ability of auditor to make a clear opinion in the audit report (Blandn and Bosch, 2013). In this situation, auditor gives adverse opinions due to the lack of management support in developing audit report. Management has taken actions to exclude necessary disclosure from the financial report, which is likely to have material effect on the financial statement. This is adverse type of opinion as it indicates inappropriate tactics of management in terms of development and preparation of financial report (CPA Australia, 2014). The development of financial statement is not developed in accordance to the accounting standards, which indicates managements responsibility to disclose all relevant information of operations that has material effect on the financial statement. The misleading financial reporting framework of this firm shows lack of fairness and thus adverse opinion of auditor indicates that financial statement does not present true and fair view of firm financial and operational state (Tsipouridou and Spathis, 2014). The type of opinion in this situation is disclaimer as in this auditor indicates that they do not have certain view for the retailers sales. Due to the presence of adequate records regarding the cash base sales, it is quite difficult for the auditor to obtain enough evidences and to determine the accuracy of data. The absence of audit test also indicates that auditor has different view in terms of calculating the cash sales of retailer. The auditor founds accuracy problem only in the sales part of this firm and thus, it indicates ability of auditor to make an opinion regarding the fairness and adequacy of a firms financial and operational performance (CPA Australia, 2014). In this situation, adequate evidences are not obtained by the auditor and thus it indicates absence of accurate opinion regarding the fairness of financial statement. In this case, the auditor is asked to audit the financial statement of a new client. The auditor determines that there is no material misstatements found in the financial statement of the current financial year. But, there is absence of information regarding the opening balances of accounts at the start of the financial year. This indicates that expect to the opening balances of accounts, the rest of financial statement presents fair picture of financial and operational performance of the firm. This makes the qualified types of opinion for the financial statement of this firm. In qualified opinion, auditor gives assurance regarding the financial information apart from some part (Hammersley et al., 2012). The same happened in this case as the auditor did not find any misstatement in financial reports but showed concern for the opening balances of accounts. The type of opinion in this situation is adverse as in this auditor concludes that firm did not follow the Australian Accounting Standards from the starting of operations. It has been operating from the last five years. It is an adverse opinions as in this auditor believes that management has used inappropriate accounting standards for preparing and developing financial statement. This shows inaccuracy of the financial reporting framework. Due to this, the auditor believes that financial statement are not adequate in terms of presenting fair and true picture of the financial position of the firm as they are not developed and prepared as per the accounting standard of Australia (Pourheydari et al., 2012). It shows that the auditor has adverse opinion for the financial statement of this firm. Adverse type of opinions is developed in this situation as in this the auditor has different opinion for the calculation of inventory. Firm uses LIFO method of accounting for inventory and it is disallowed in accordance to the accounting standards of Australia. The calculation of inventory is made without the consideration of accounting standards, which may material effect on the financial reports (CPA Australia, 2014). Thus, the adverse opinion is provided by the auditor in this case regarding the financial statement of a firm. The opinion of auditor in this case is disclaimer as in this auditor indicates that there are no material misstatements. But, the clients continuation as going concern is in extreme doubt and thus it causes considerable concern. The effect of this issue on the financial and operational performance of firm is difficult to determine, which limits ability of auditor to make highly clear opinion (Xu et al., 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded on the basis of above answers that objectivity, integrity, professional competence and due care, professional behavior and confidentiality are some of the major ethical principles in accordance to the Australian Accountants Code of Ethics. Apart from this, qualified, disclaimer and adverse are three type of auditors opinion are common in the real world situations. References Gaffikin, M.J.R. and Lindawati, A.S.L. (2012) The moral reasoning of public accountants in the development of a code of ethics: the case of Indonesia. Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, 6(1), p.3. Al Momani, M.A. and Obeidat, M.I. (2013) The effect of auditors' ethics on their detection of creative accounting practices: A field study. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(13), p.118. Avram, M. and ?ogoe, G.D. (2012) Professional accountants ethics in the context of corporate governance. Annals of University of Craiova-Economic Sciences Series, 2(40), pp.245-250. Blandn, J.G. and Bosch, J.M.A. (2013) Audit firm tenure and qualified opinions: New evidence from Spain. Revista de Contabilidad, 16(2), pp.118-125. Tsipouridou, M. and Spathis, C. (2014) March. Audit opinion and earnings management: Evidence from Greece. In Accounting Forum (Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 38-54). Elsevier. Hammersley, J.S., Myers, L.A. and Zhou, J. (2012) The failure to remediate previously disclosed material weaknesses in internal controls. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 31(2), pp.73-111. Pourheydari, O., Nezamabadi-pour, H. and Aazami, Z. (2012) Identifying qualified audit opinions by artificial neural networks. African Journal of Business Management, 6(44), p.11077. Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Jiang, L., 2013. Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis. Accounting Finance, 53(1), pp.301-338. Accounting Professional Ethical Standards Board Limited (APESB) (2010) APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. [Online]. Available at: https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf (Accessed: 21 January 2017). CPA Australia (2014) A GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING AUDITING AND ASSURANCE: LISTED COMPANIES. [Online]. Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/Corporate/AllFiles/Document/professional-resources/auditing-assurance/guide-understanding-audit-assurance.pdf (Accessed: 21 January 2017). Kung, F.H. and Li Huang, C. (2013) Auditors' moral philosophies and ethical beliefs. Management Decision, 51(3), pp.479-500. Cohen, J.R., Krishnamoorthy, G., Peytcheva, M. and Wright, A.M. (2013) How does the strength of the financial regulatory regime influence auditors' judgments to constrain aggressive reporting in a principles-based versus rules-based accounting environment?. Accounting Horizons, 27(3), pp.579-601.

Teenage Alcohol Use Essay Example For Students

Teenage Alcohol Use Essay Certain things harmoniously co-exist: peanut butter and jelly, gin and tonic, steak and eggs; alcohol and teenagers do not. We are faced with an epidemic of monstrous proportions, which, if left untreated, will jeopardize the future of Americas youth. Only in the past few years have parents and teachers spoken openly about our national problem; they recognize the potential threat and hope to tame it as it continues to manifest. Unfortunately, the harm inflicted by Jack Daniels and his constituents could prove to be lifelong. Low self-esteem, and insecurities coupled with an unsatiable desire to fit in are three key elements in explaining teenage alcohol abuse. We will write a custom essay on Teenage Alcohol Use specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Low self-esteem is a part of adolescence, although teenagers run into difficulty when they dont outgrow this temporary stage. The pressure they receive from their parents to succeed often makes the students wonder if they can live up to the expectations. When the parents desires are not met, the teens think that they are worthless and undeserving. This cycle leads to the students ambition to forget about problems, worries, and parents. Alcohol fills this craving by rendering teens anesthetized, and when they emerge from the induced stupor, they want to repeat it all over again. People of all ages wrestle with personal insecurity, but this impediment especially targets high school and college students. Many students are not sure what profession they plan to pursue although society pushes them to choose very early in life. On the other hand, teens are taught to be young and free without caring about the personal ramifications. These conflicting ideologies leave many students bewildered and insecure. The easily available companion that bolsters their strength and aids their forbearance is alcohol. The loneliness, tumult, chaos, and despair are shoved into the background when they experience intoxication. The human need to feel a sense of belonging drives everyone to participate in social activities. Once this need is fulfilled, we settle into our friendly communities without bothering to look back. Unfortunately, not everyone finds their niche. Many students become lost in the intricate web of teenage cliques. They attempt to impress their peers by outrageous and uncharacteristic actions. These futile attempts often further the students from any meaningful relationships, thus, leading them back to the seemingly true comrade: alcohol. Adolescent and college age alcohol abusers often do not realize the full extent of their addiction. They usually try to hide their problem with superficial happiness, decent grades, or an ostensible love life. While many abusers can sustain this phony lifestyle for a period of time, an unforeseen mishap will send their lives into a never-ending downward spiral. Only time will tell the future of Americas youth; I just hope theres enough time to tell.

What is Web Design and How does it Work †Computer Science Paper

What is Web Design and How does it Work – Computer Science Paper Free Online Research Papers I. Web Design What is Web Design? Web design is the design of web pages, websites and web applications using HTML, CSS, images, and other media. Web design is part of starting a website (web development) which can include web server configuration, writing web applications and server security. 1 How it works vs How it looks Since so many web developers have a graphic arts background, some may pay more attention to how a page looks, without considering how visitors are going to find the page via a search engine. Some may rely more on advertising than search engines to attract visitors to the site. On the other side of the issue, search engine optimization consultants (SEOs) obsess about how well a web site works technically and textually: how much traffic it generates via search engines, and how many sales it makes, assuming looks dont contribute to the sales. 2 II. Reasoning Behind Project Choice Computer Engineering Computer Engineering was originally my first choice. I love computers, so that was the first thing that came to my mind. Still my mentor challenged me, we both decided that this project will help not only in a passing grade, but towards my career. He explained to me that Computer Engineering had a lot of science in the college plan. That made a big impact on my decision, I’m not to fund of science that Computer Engineering was definitely out of the picture Graphics and Multimedia This seemed like it would be fun and interesting. There wasn’t a lot of science involved so that made it one of my top choices. Nevertheless, after all the excitement of graphics, I realized I’m not a good artist. My mentor explained to me that this career has a lot to do with art. Web Design After I made my decision, I found a career. Web Design seemed just perfect. It didn’t involve a lot of science and art. As I decided on Web Design, my mentor and I quickly came up with different lay-outs on the project. I knew this was acceptable for me, I wanted to be able to use this project as a stepping stone toward my career in web design. Computers and the Internet have always been interesting to me. We decided to make a web site for my schools basketball team. This seemed perfect, I was happy to know that my mentor was just as excited as I am! III. Project Desciption Original Choice I originally decided to make a fan web- site for my favorite basketball team. I was going to research and find data on their stats, bio, the teams schedule and interesting facts on the players. Still, this project didn’t seem as appealing to me or my mentor. I have a very big imagination; although, this was a good idea it just wasn’t appealing enough for me. My mentor wanted this project to be successful enough to take it anywhere; therefore, a change had to be made. Final Choice As my mentor and I brainstormed we came across my school web- site. The web-site was fine, but it didn’t tell much about the players. The site was very vague. This was my senior exit project, why not make a web site that can benefit myself and the school! We decided that we can make a site that had better contrast with the colors and layout, showing current stats, schedules, news, and quicker links. We decided to show players pictures, this was a great idea. Now, we could take the project and use it in the community. Anyone who didn’t recognize the players by names will now be able to click and refer to pictures. IV. Goals Website must be informational Although one of our goals is trying to make a more attractive site; nevertheless, the site still has to be informational. We can’t just go for glamour, the site must have information referring to stats, records, etc. Yes, looks are appealing, but the site can’t be helpful if it doesn’t inform viewers. User Friendly Sometimes some web pages are very complicated. My web-site will be user friendly. A â€Å"rookie† (when it comes to computer technology) will be able to find their way around the web-site. Easy click on links will be one of the many improvements, updated news, and current stats. The page will be very vivid and easy to understand. Target Audience I want to be able to let this website be a reference for not only the school, but the community, parents, other schools, and for any scouts. This page will allow college coaches and fans, the opportunity to find out more about there players and team. I think this will be good for the team, as well benefiting the school. V. Current Site Analysis (What’s wrong with the current site) Negative When observing the school’s web-site, it failed to meet some of the requirements I would like to see as an athlete. Although it had our schedule and roster, it just seemed plain. As, a athlete I would like to see more for our website. The colors are too bright and without the basketball the page seems dull. I think it would look nicer if the page had pictures, bio’s for the players, current and past stats, those would be some of the improvements that will be available in my site. Positive Of course it good that we even have a web-site, some other schools are not as fortunate. I like the fact that it tells on the roster our positions and what classification we are. It’s not hard to follow links from page to page; although just getting to the school web-site is quite a hassle. VI. Flowchart Diagram What is a flowchart? A flowchart is a schematic representation of a process. They are commonly used in business/economic presentations to help the audience visualize the content better, or to find flaws in the process. 3 The flowchart is one of the seven basic tools of quality control, which include the histogram, Pareto chart, check sheet, control chart, cause-and-effect diagram, flowchart, and scatter diagram. What’s in my flowchart? My flowchart will consist of a homepage that will link to all the other pages. The color schemes will be different, and the site will be more attractive. It will also consist of linking the viewers to the stats, roster, player information, news, pictures, and possibly videos. This will also make my page user friendly while still bringing excitement to the page. VII. Conclusion This page is not only a page that will get me a passing grade. It will allow me to help my school while further advancing my knowledge in the field of web design. College is a big thing to me, and so is this project. Nevertheless with my mentor’s guidance, this page will take some time, but the rewards of my finish project will be plentiful. 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Sex Insomnia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sex Insomnia - Research Paper Example Sexsomnia is a NREM (non- rapid eye movement) disorder caused by confusional arousal results to sexual activities. In simple terms, sleep sex occurs when the mind is inactive, but the body is active. Most case studies reveal that sleep sex takes place during the first five stages of sleep known as deep sleep. Just like children experience nightmares triggered off by scary movies, an arousing dream or a slight touch from a partner in bed can trigger off sleep sex in an individual. The amygdale in the brainstem is the organ responsible for sexual drive. At this stage, the cortex is part of the brain responsible for thinking, planning and awareness (Michael, 2011). Sexsomaniacs especially women tend to masturbate and moan loudly while asleep while men engage in sex with their female partners. In extreme situations, victims can become aggressive and out of control resulting in sexual assault cases. In addition, sleep sex occurs mostly in individuals who have bed partners. Therefore, ther e is no need to walk and look for a partner. Individuals that suffer from sleep sex often have a history of other parasomnia disorders like sleep talking, sleep walking and teeth grinding. Recurrence of sexsomnia is unpredictable. Individuals who exhibit this disorder are partly conscious when it occurs. This is because part of the brain responsible for decision-making is at rest while the brain stem responsible for sexual desire remains active. ... Later she started having sex with strangers she met on the streets while sleepwalking. Other triggers of sleep sex include; lack of enough sleep, excessive consumption of alcohol and other narcotic drugs, stress, poor sleeping habits and tiredness (Michael, 2011). People who have epilepsy may experience seizures that trigger off sexual arousal. These seizures come inform of abdominal thrusts, eventually engaging in sexual acts. However, epileptic sufferers’ remember their sexual acts the next day. Genes and gender are also factors that contribute to sleep sex. Studies indicate that, sexsomnia affect more men than women. Over two thirds of reported sleep sex cases are men. Many people who suffer from sleep sex exhibit feelings of shame, denial and confusion Often victims of sexsomnia shy away from treatment and medical intervention. They do not realize the adverse psychological effects it can have on them (Joris, 2008). The earlier they seek for medical help the better. Victims lack self-esteem and are always under stress. Sleep sex exert in relationship lots of pressure and tension resulting to breakups. Individuals whose partner’s exhibit sleep sex tendencies often fail to understand the behavior. Those who suffer from the condition cannot open up and talk about it. Victims that fail to open up for fear of judgment and ridicule from people do not comprehend what they were undergoing. In worst case scenario, they end up convicted for rape (Joris, 2008). Some suffer from serious injuries around their genitalia due to rough sex and heavy groping while asleep. Cases of sexsomnia have been on the rise since the nineties. An excellent example could be of woman in her mid twenties, who in deep sleep, tore her clothes and masturbated

Power of One III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Power of One III - Essay Example The evaluation will be founded on a combination of quantitative and qualitative research which will include widespread references with the society participants and exhaustive interviews. In the evaluation of the initiatives, I will employ interrelated principles, which fabricate on each other. Needless to say, I will adhere to the professional guidelines of evaluation. In addition, the evaluation will be a joint process. The vigorous involvement of all stakeholders, especially the students, society leaders and residents is fundamental to the evaluation process. Estrella and Gaventa (1998) assert â€Å"participatory and inclusive evaluations can lead to higher-quality scientific design and results†. For this reason, the evaluation will encompass all people in the society. Inclusion of the varied perceptions of the society members in the evaluation and elucidation of information will generate additional practicable blueprints and accurate interpretation of the data. The different society participants will bring knowledge on diverse sources of data, in addition to a more precise, image of how the initiative can operate and the background aspects that will affect it. Society members can help acclimatize the approaches appropriate within the society and assist check the anticipation of the results. These insights will assist me in better apprehend the external aspects that could affect the initiative. Scholars and authors have agreed that structuring and sustaining trust and relationships among the society are imperative. Baker et al. (1999) denotes â€Å"past positive experiences with evaluation among practitioners and society participants should be acknowledged in order to avoid repeating mistakes†. For this reason, I will ensure I am conversant with the previous positive experiences. In achieving this, I will work closely with gatekeepers, primary organizations, and other society leaders. I will employ snow ball approach in meeting the

Women Have Natural Power And Abilities English Literature Essay

Women Have Natural Power And Abilities English Literature Essay Abstract The common story in most parts of the globe is that of the humble woman suffering under the cruelty of man. The widespread belief that women have borne the blunt of mans beastly nature makes it challenging to market the idea that women have enormous power that they sometimes utilize in ways that are detrimental to society. This research proposal uses Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontes Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall in examining these immense powers on the hands of women. These novels are replete with issues pertaining to female behavior and male response that will help analyze the subject of female power in a deeper sense. Through their strong wills, purposes, and desires, women characters in these novels often form mens characters, and define their behaviors. For example, in Wuthering Heights, Catherines headstrong and rebellious ways are partially responsible for Heathcliffs antisocial behavior, and it is through Catherines lens of how men should behave and react to her demands that she forms Heathcliffs character and leaves him to his madness at her death. In Agnes Grey, Miss Murray forms the manipulative and ultimate perspective alterations in Mr. Hatfields view of women as helpless creatures in their need for rescue, protection, and provision. In light of this argument, how does the womans creation of the patriarchal figuration for the male character affect the man and the woman, especially in the formation of the womans worldview? Does this power result in ramifications for the woman as well? Are women aware of the power that they wield, and if they are, why do they blame the man for relationship and cultural breakdowns? In my dissertation, I use evidence from the Bronte novels to show that it is womens unwillingness toward self-awareness and accountability that contributes to variant male behavior and perceptual outcomes. To that end, I argue that women have far more influence and power than often they acknowledge either publicly or privately, and this power and influence consistently contribute to the formation of male thinking and behavior. Summary Women have natural power and abilities. These innate characteristics affect the intellectual, cultural, spiritual, emotional, sociopolitical, and interpersonal world of men with different outcome and with detrimental results to both genders. An in-depth study of the emergence, construction, and outcomes of feminism on men within myriad contexts is a sure way of vindicating the existence of the female power. Applying this theory to three British novels written by Emily and Anne Bronte Wuthering Heights, Agnes Grey, and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall- this study will draw important correlates between female abilities, capacities, and innate talents and the use of these elements to alter or supersede male potentialities. For example, Catherines misuse of her natural female strengths and talents is used to override Heathcliffs reticence against and desire to withdraw from her controlling manipulation, culminating in tragedy to both characters. Additionally, much has been written about the Bildungsroman in Brontes adolescent-to-adult theme in Agnes Grey. The use of feminine potential and power toward men found in this novel shows the deleterious effects on both men and women. Similarly, female power and control in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is measured through Helen Grahams interactions with the men in her life. In this novel, Bronte reveals this power and manipulative awareness in her protagonist, but the theme remains intact: women often have inordinate amounts of power and control over men in myriad realms of their lives. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the above three novels to show the deleterious outcomes of the immense powers in the hands of women. Tentative Title: Medusa never Died: Female Power and Men Victimization Introductory Statement of Background, Purpose and Thesis I will analyze The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Agnes Grey by Anne Bronte and Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights with the aim of showing how they developed female characters that revealed the resulting destruction when females neither correctly understand nor properly apply their power. The analysis will prove that the female power and influence affect the intellectual, cultural, spiritual, emotional, sociopolitical, and interpersonal world of men with different outcome and with detrimental results to both genders. The purpose of this study will involve comparing three British novels, written by sisters, through whom female power is used to effect masculine changes, behaviors, and affect situational outcomes. Demonstrating the application of feminine power in relationship dyads will support the hypothesis that the female power can manipulate, control, and cause harm to men and, through them, socio-political constructs which affect everyone. In addressing the research problem, then, a thorough review of the selected works, combined with a thorough literature review of existing studies which serve to amplify the feminine use of power to manipulate or form outcomes. As a contribution to human science, my research topic is highly significant for socio-cultural, gender-based, and psychological awareness of conflict source and resolution, and greatly contributes to the literatures body of knowledge. While the literature is rife with widely diverse discourse and study on feminism, the body of knowledge is seriously deficient in considering the research problem. That is because this issue requires a major paradigmatic change since the major outcomes of feminism have been militant and rejects feminine limitations while creating male-opposition toward many of its tenets. Signe Arnfred exposes a practical sense of feminine power in a non-western setting in her article entitled Sex, Food and Female Power: Discussion of Data Material from Northern Mozambique. In this article, she shows how women in a certain part of the world harness their mastery of feminine chores in both reproduction and family into a power tool that calls for respect from men (141). It is vital to note that what the characters in the Bronte novels do is not so much removed from what Arnfred tries to show in her article. The setting might be different, but the game is the same as shown by the similarity of the playe rs. In fact, male dominance was common in Victorian times, as was female servility; But it is this servility that supported the dominance. Critics of the Bronte novels have noticed the male dominance in these novels, and identified the role women play in perpetuating this dominance. The feminine role in the advancement of male dominance is a power in itself, which, if withdrawn, can have a regulatory outcome on male behavior. In the article The Question of Credibility in Anne Brontes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Arlene Jackson points out that, Anne Bronte also answers a question that other novels of her time do not ask: what happens to a marriage and to the innocent partner when one partner (specifically, the male) leads a solipsistic life, where personal pleasures are seen as deserved, where maleness and the role of husband is tied to the freedom to do as one wants, and femaleness and the role of wife is linked to providing service and pleasure not necessarily sexual, but including daily praise and ego-boosting and, quite simply, constant attention (203), On the surface, Jackson is asserting that powerlessness is another way of describing women. This is how she decodes the message that Anne Bronte is sending to society through her book. Obviously, numerous people agree with this position, considering the woman to be the victim, suffering silently without a means of escape from the cruel claws of the man. But this is not the case because in the process of praising someone, there is the knowledge that the praise can be withheld. There is also the knowledge that the praise can lead to dependency as well as other undesirable manifestations of character that may be harmful to both the person lavishing praise, who is the woman as well as the man, who is the recipient of the praise. An objective analysis of the message from Jackson reveals that men have a certain degree of dependency on the lavish praise they are showered with by women. As much as Jacksons work may have been an attempt to show the credibility of Anne Brontes literary skills, she helps in the identification of areas of female power that is sometimes wrongly used to enhance female servitude and perpetuate male dominance. Maggie Berg, in her Hapless Dependants, Women and Animals in Anne Brontes Agnes Grey argues that, in a patriarchal society where women are faced with challenges of identity, expression and recognition- the general treatment of women is implied to be like treatment of animals. This position is also shared by another critic of Anne Brontes The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Juliet McMaster, who takes the position that the Victorian period was characterized by a huge power imbalance that tilted heavily in favor of men. In her article entitled Imbecile Laughter and Desperate Earnest in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, McMaster talks of a Victorian power structure that did not allow women to have a say in society. All things were done according to the rules set by men for everyone (368). However Berg and McMasters view is harsh and seems to fall into a perception that women have no place in the society. In support of the position that goes against this perception, the several published works that have a stand on womens power in relation to men will be examined too. In this line of scholarship, Naomi Wolf is a popular and influential voice. Her critically acclaimed book entitled Fire with Fire: The New Female Power and How to Use it is a slap on the face of McMaster and Jackson as it crushes their positions on female victimhood. Wolf believes that women have always had more power than men. The biggest problem according to her is that women have not mastered the art of utilizing this power for their benefit (23-25). She further disagrees with women whose time is spent agonizing over a male dominated society where every woman is a victim (56). Evidently, Wolf is not ready to buy into the ideas of Jackson and McMaster. The areas where the latter two see oppression and in justice, the former sees opportunity and freedom that has not been seized by women. As it were, scholarly arguments are as strong as the evidence. Wolf avails solid examples of women who have managed to live happily through the realization that female power is sufficient to combat what has come to be known as male dominance. She points out that politics, business, and family life are all potential areas of female excellence if women meet fire with fire and learn to use some of the tactics men use to manage affairs in society (34). This is the basis of her phrase, fire with fire. Another female scholar who has done research on the issue of female power and influence is Margaret Beetham. In an article entitled Thinking Back Through our Mothers Magazines: Feminisms Inheritance from Nineteenth-Century Magazines for Mothers, Beetham, whose main objective is to survey the motherhood oriented magazines that existed in the nineteenth century, makes a refreshingly different statement based on what she discovers in the magazines she reads. As much as there was injustice in society during a greater part of the Victorian period, there was the acceptance that women were equal to men, but different. The admission of equality in these magazines that were published for mothers shows that the empowering element for women was present. What lacked was the will to pursue the path of equality through the elimination of obstacles that made it difficult for women to enjoy the trappings of a free life. It helps to point out that the writers and publishers of the magazines that Margaret Beetham analyzes in her work were both men and women, with most of them being in the hands of women. The significance of this is that women had access to the tools for empowerment as early as the Victorian time, a period that is attacked as highly paternalistic and patriarchal. This point is shared by Lisa Duggan and Nan Hunter. In Sex Wars: Sexual Dissent and Political Culture, the authors poignantly state that man and woman have always tried to live as a united pair, but the truth is that each is pulling in a different direction. The struggle is purely power based and is largely to blame for much of the s uffering that goes on in society (19-21). My study will be unique in the sense that it will depart from the traditional feminist readings and exegeses like that of Jackson and McMaster. The dissertation will prove the existence of the female power and influence even in the Victorian society; a society that is known as purely chauvinistic. Even in this analysis, my study will also go beyond the stress on the female power in the political and economic spheres as perpetuated by Arnfred, Wolf and Beetham. In contrast, I will focus on the psychological and personal dimension of feminine power. Through the critical examination of the Bronte novels, I will show that the power and influence held by women is not the literal political or physical power that society is used to, but rather the psychological one. It is partially the psychological dependency that men have on women that gives women the ability of manipulate circumstances and conditions in ways that can hurt or heal both parties. Evidently, my dissertation carries anti-feminist tone. The feminist theory will be employed to deconstruct the myth it perpetuates about the hegemony of man and the victimhood of woman. I will also shed light on the psychoanalytic theory to highlight the psychological power and influence women have on men. In a nutshell, through analyzing the three novels and borrowing from the other available materials and the theoretical framework, my study will purposefully prove that women have natural power and abilities; when these innate characteristics are applied to the intellectual, cultural, spiritual, emotional, sociopolitical, and interpersonal world of men, this power can be abused to control and define the opposite sex, with detrimental results to both genders.

Teaching Helen Keller Essay example -- Learning Education

The Truth About Helen Keller In Learning Dynamics, the authors, Marjorie Ford and Jon Ford, choose to include an excerpt from The Story of My Life by Helen Keller to show learning from experience. The excerpt titled "The Most Important Day of My Life" mainly draws from Helen Keller's early childhood as she begins her education on the third of March in 1887, three months before she became seven years old. Keller recounts her early experiences of being awakened to a world of words and concepts through the brilliant teaching methods of her teacher, Anne Sullivan. Sullivan taught Keller new vocabulary by spelling words into the young girl's hand. At first, she does not understand the meaning of each word, but eventually learn to connect a word with the physical object it represents. Sullivan often left Keller to spend much time in nature as a way to develop her senses. In time, Keller not only discovers the physical world, but also a world of intangible concepts, ideas, images and emotions. Furthermore, she contribu tes much of her learning to Anne Sullivan, which she wrote, "I fell that her being is inseparable from my own, and that the footsteps of my life are in hers. All the best of me belongs to her." Realizing that words could be put together to evoke a mental image, Helen Keller is able to paint many visual images in the readers' minds through her unique and eloquent usage of poetic language. Her writing style captures both her emotion and experiences. She writes, "Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen?" He... ...ucation does not stop at the word "W-A-T-E-R", but she went on to universities and learned many other languages as well. Keller makes a strong argument that her succeed is a result of her teacher, Anne Sullivan, "My teacher is so near to me that I scarcely think of myself apart from her." Even the Fords stated, "Anne Sullivan showed her (Keller) that love and learning are intimately connected." Keller is an extraordinary person not because she overcomes blindness or deafness rather she should be great for her contribution to achieve social changes. Helen Keller should be appreciated for her honesty in realizing that she was privilege to an education, and uses her knowledge and wisdom to help those less fortunate. Works Cited Ford, Marjorie, and Jon Ford. Learning Dynamics (Streamlines : Selected Readings on Single Topics). Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing, 1997.

Ethics and Morality Essay

I’m Researching†¦ Saved Recents Uploads My Answers Account Products Home Essays Drive Answers Texty About Company Legal Site Map Contact Us Advertise  ©2016 Ethics and Morality Ethics, Morality, Philosophy Mar 7, 2008 3604Words 791Views PAGE 1 OF 9 Abstract The paper delves into the topic of ethics and morality. It would try to understand the concept of ethics and morality and the difference between the two concepts. In the paper I would analyse what motivates human behaviour and choices and why those choices can never always be moral and ethical. I will analyse some ethical and moral theories that provide guidelines for ethical human behaviour and critically assess them with the aid of real life examples, to determine whether it is possible to have universally applicable rules that help humans to decide if a decision requires ethical/moral considerations or not. The paper would aim to prove that it is the needs of humans which may be at times materialistic and at other times spiritual, that govern their course of action. As no two humans have similar needs and similar means to fulfil their needs, to straitjacket decisions into moral/ethical and rational is virtually impossible. Introduction â€Å"The temptation to set aside ethical standards is always present, because the gains are so large for the individual who decides to work outside the rules. † From The High Price of Low Ethics How Corruption Imperils American Entrepreneurship and Democracy Carl J. Schramm, PhD, JD President and CEO, The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation There is no doubt that to succeed in life today, one has to be shrewd, aggressive and practical. We see all around us that the struggle for existence forces humans to sideline issues of right and wrong and makes them focus only on achieving the ends with little or no consideration to the means employed. Does this mean that humans have become inherently immoral and unethical? No. Humans cannot be blind to morality and ethics. According to Aristotle, humans are social animals. For them to be perfectly happy, they have to be a part of a society that is also happy (Yrjonsuuri 2004). This means that humans, who are biologically selfish, need to consider the interests of the society and be aware of the morality of their choices. But do we understand what ethics and morals are? Ethics are not the same as feelings as some people feel good even when they do something criminal (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not religion, as many people are not religious, but ethics apply to all (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are also not law as law can become ethically corrupt as some totalitarian regimes have made it (Markkula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Ethics are not about following culturally accepted norms as cultures can sometimes become corrupt, and neither is ethics science (Marrakula Center for applied ethics n. d. ). Then what exactly are ethics and morals? How do we know that we are being faced with an ethical and moral choice rather than an ordinary one? Telling the truth is considered morally right, but if our truth hurts someone should we tell the truth? Can humans be ethical and moral at all times? How many of us know people who would have been influenced by their morals to hide Jews from the Nazis at the expense of their lives? Would the people who preferred to save their own lives be considered immoral? Such questions that concern the right behaviour for humans have been a subject of debate for centuries because it is believed that there is no right answer for such questions. What may feel right to one individual or organization may be considered immoral in another society. This paper would try to analyse the concept of morality and ethics, and their importance in the life of human beings, with an objective to understand whether it is possible to develop universal rules in decision making that can make it easier for humans to take decisions that are acceptable to the society and their conscious. Discussion The word Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos which means moral character or custom. The word Morality comes from the Latin word moralis which means custom or manner (Perle n. d. ). ?Both the words deal with the customs or the manner in which people do things. Their modern meanings relate to the way people act – either good or bad, or right or wrong’ (Perle n. d. ). So, if people often use the two words as if they have the same meaning, it should be no surprise. ?While we may often use the two terms interchangeably, morals are generally understood to be the principles of right and wrong, whereas ethics involve an entire system of moral issues and focuses on right and wrong behaviour’ (Eastwood et al. 2006). Morality is an individual’s perception of right and wrong which may be in disagreement with another individual’s perception. Nevertheless, every individual’s morality influences the values of the society. Ethics is the product of those collective moral values of all the individuals in the society (The oracle education foundation n. d). ?The distinction between ethics and morality can be demonstrated by using the analogy of a conversation. If one imagines that ethics is a conversation that has arisen to answer the question, â€Å"What should a person do? â€Å", then moralities are the voices in that conversation’ (St. James Ethics centre n. d. ). Morality and ethics talk about right and wrong behaviour. But what should be the standard of deciding what is right and what is wrong? Kant proposed a test for personal duty and good willing which eliminates self interest and helps decide whether an action is ethically correct (Eastwood et al. 2006). The test requires an individual to ask himself whether he would be willing to have everyone in the world under similar circumstances behave in exactly the same manner (Eastwood et al. 2006). This is the Categorical Imperative, which states that an act can be judged right or wrong only if everyone in the world will act in the same way or come to the same decision under similar circumstances (Eastwood et al. 2006). But decision making is rarely an easy process. In our lives, we face situations where we have to take decisions to achieve some desired objective(s) with minimum negative consequences. Decision making becomes even more complicated when our needs are in conflict with each other. Humans have broadly two categories of needs which guide their decisions, viz. deficiency needs associated with physiological needs, which are determined by life processes, like survival, reproduction, nourishment etc, and growth needs associated with psychological needs which are outside the life processes and differentiate humans from other creatures, like creativity, spontaneity, self actualization etc. (Maslow, 1943). Schlozberg in his essay analysed that according to Arendt, our needs of life and the life process are fulfilled through ordinary decision making which is rational in nature. As the number of the ordinary decisions that need to be made in our daily lives are so large, our mind often takes them in a routine and habitual manner, through the aids of customs and habits (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). The way individuals will greet each other, their behaviour towards their seniors etc are examples of some of the decisions which are taken without a thought to any values that we may cherish. But, ordinary decision making while being useful in daily life, is ill fitted for moral and ethical decision making (cited in Schlozberg n. d. ). Our other set of needs that stem from outside the life processes, require us to often take heed of moral and ethical issues and negate the presence of rationality. Let us take the example of Siebel Edmonds, who worked as a FBI translator. ?Edmonds was fired from her position as a language specialist at the FBI’s Washington Field Office in March, 2002, after she accused a colleague of covering up illicit activity involving foreign nationals, alleging serious acts of security breaches, cover-ups, and intentional blocking of intelligence which, she contended, presented a danger to the United States’ security’ (Wikipedia 2005). If we try to analyze her act, it can be said that her decision to report the misconduct to higher authorities at the expense of her job was not rational rather a decision governed by her moral values. If Edmonds had placed her survival before all other needs, she would have made an ordinary rational decision, rather than an extraordinary moral decision which she eventually made. However, if we analyse Edmond’s moral decision from the point of view of deontology, we may argue that her decision may have been rational! From a deontological point of view, something is moral/ethical not because of its consequences, but is moral/ethical because the motive or intent is good with no ulterior motive attached (Russo n. d. ). So, to actually bracket Siebel Edmonds decision as a moral decision and not a rational decision, it is important to know whether her intention was to exemplify herself as a model employee and be promoted, or was she actually concerned about US security? True moral/ethical choices cannot be rational choices. It is only an individual who can decide whether his/her need falls under the realm of life process or arises out of extra-natural conditions. Understanding of this aspect will help him/her take an ordinary decision bordering on rationality or a value laden decision based on morality and ethics. Human beings and organizations are forever being presented with opportunities in life where they have to take such decisions. We all know that the primary objective of a business organization is to increase the market value of the company. The board of directors thus are often known to resort to any means to achieve the objective which is rational for the organization’s growth. Economics and morality/ethics do not mix, and we end up seeing instances of insider trading, industrial espionage etc. in the business world. But on the other hand, the organizations also have a need to be respected in the society so that people trust them. When an organization takes a decision keeping their social responsibilities in mind, they may take decisions which are ethical and moral in the true sense. Let us take the example of the cosmetic company,† The Body Shop†. ?Body Shop was regarded as amongst the first firms in the world to publish a proper report on its social responsibility initiatives. In addition to social activism, internal audit programs were conducted at Body Shop for environmental protection, health and safety at work, and the monitoring of â€Å"Against Animal Testing Policy† ? (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). All this indicates that the objective of Body Shop was to develop an organization in sync with certain moral and ethical values. However recently, Body Shop was acquired by L’Oreal and faced severe criticism for the same. Some analysts believed that ? L’Oreal did not share the principles of Body Shop, and that this acquisition had removed the biggest supporter of ethically sourced beauty care products from the market’ (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Analyst also believed that Ms Roddick, the owner of Body Shop, ? sold out’ to the very organization she fought against (ICFAI Center for Management Research 2006). Why did Body Shop allow itself to be acquired by L’Oreal? It may be argued that the decision of selling Body Shop to L’Oreal was probably a rational business decision, taken presumably because Body Shop was operating at a loss and the money that Ms. Roddick was offered by L’Oreal was too tempting to resist. Clearly, whatever may be the reason behind the decision, morality/ethics does not seem to be one of them! Thus it can be said that humans or at a macro level organizations, take decisions governed by their needs and the desired outcomes. As the example of Body Shop illustrates, sometimes decisions are rational and sometimes ethical/moral. Thus, to expect that all decisions made by an individual or an organization will at all times be moral and ethical is unrealistic. So what kinds of decisions should always be ethical? And when should we decide to take decisions based on our morality? Morals come into play when an individual decides to make a personal choice, whereas ethics come into play when an individual decides to make a choice as a representative of a social group (organization, doctors, lawyers etc. ). Nevertheless, both ethics and morals help individuals to decide between the right and wrong, and thus have similar benchmarks for deciding the kind of decisions that should be moral/ethical. According to the Utilitarian theory, any decision that has the potential of harming the maximum number of people while benefiting just a few, should be decided ethically so that maximum good and least harm is done (Andre et al. 1996). Other philosophers who follow the Rights Approach suggest that if our actions tend to violate the rights of humans, then the decision should be made on ethical grounds so that rights of humans are protected (Andre et al. 1996). The Greek Philosophers believed in a common good approach, which suggested that certain conditions in the society are shared amongst all humans, so all are decisions that are important for the welfare of everyone should be based on ethical reasoning (Andre et al. 1996). A very ancient approach to ethics is that ethical actions ought to be consistent with certain ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. The virtue ethics asks of any action, â€Å"What kind of person will I become if I do this? † or â€Å"Is this action consistent with my acting at my best? † (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). In essence virtue approach suggests that all the decisions that we take in our life are required to be based on ethics and morality. These different approaches give us a broad outline of the type of decisions that should be considered ethical or moral. However in the real world there will always be an uncertainty on whether a decision should be made on ethical/moral grounds or not. If a decision benefits maximum people and harms only the organization, will the company take the ethical decision? Not necessarily. It did not stop Nestle from sourcing its cocoa from the Ivory Coast where bonded labours and children were used in the plantations (Harkins et al. 2005). If we follow the rights approach, then we may not all agree to the same set of human and civil rights (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). And then there is the question of who decides what constitutes common good? Also not all the approaches answer the question, â€Å"what is ethical/moral? † in the same way (Markkula Center for Applied Ethics n. d). Nevertheless, the above theories do give us an idea of the kind of decisions that should ideally be made on ethical and moral grounds. If we believe that a decision could be damaging to the community, violates the rights of others, or makes us feel guilty, it is a decision that ideally requires ethical/moral considerations. But eventually, in the real world it is the needs of the humans and organizations that would determine their choice. Conclusion ?There are no natural morals or ethics’ (Saxena 2003). Humans are animals who have natural survival instincts and are programmed for the sole aim of survival and proliferation (Saxena 2003). But as Aristotle said, humans are not like other animals, they are social animals, who belong to a social setup where the principles of survival of the fittest do not always operate (Saxena 2003). Humans need to curb their survival instincts to sustain the society and the social structures (Saxena 2003). These restrictions take the form of moral and ethics (Saxena 2003). Morals and ethics are thus the social survival instincts visible in human beings, which guide him/her to live a righteous socially acceptable life (Saxena 2003). Unfortunately, the survival instincts of humans often conflict with their ethics and morality, making it difficult for them to always follow the righteous path. Humans are thus forever performing a balancing act to survive with a clear conscience. For instance, most of the tobacco companies while promoting smoking are known to make huge donations to various philanthropic causes, presumably to appease their moral and ethical values while simultaneously pursuing their business interests! (Campaign for tobacco-free kids 2006). As long as individuals have worldly needs and desires, they cannot be realistically expected to be moral and ethical at all times. Although there are various moral and ethical theories which suggest the right path, it is eventually an individual’s needs and desired outcomes that guide the path that he chooses. No two situations are similar in this world, and only the people who have to take the decision understand their environment, their needs and the approach (ethical/moral, or rational) that will best suit them. So although the philosopher’s of the world can guide moral and ethical behaviour, it is an individual himself who can realistically define them and decide what kinds of decisions should always be ethical/moral for him. Fortunately not all decisions require humans to be moral and ethical. Most of our decisions are based on customs and habits that are accepted in our society and thus do not require us to consider moral and ethical repercussions. What to eat? How to dress? How to behave with elders, are some examples of such decisions which we take mechanically on a regular basis. Alas, only one decision, â€Å"What is the right thing to do? † leaves us humans struggling for an answer! References Andre, C. , DeCosse, D. , Hanson, O. K. , McLean, M. R. , Meyer, M. J. , Moberg, D. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1988, ? A Framework for thinking ethically’, Product of dialogue and debate at the Markkula center for applied ethics at Santa Clara University, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, California, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework. html Andre, C. , Meyer, M. J. , Shanks, T. , Velasquez, M. 1996, Thinking Ethically: A Framework for moral decision making, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, California, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. scu. edu/ethics/publications/iie/v7n1/thinking. html Behind the smokescreen. 2006, Behind the Smokescreen, Campaign for Tobacco-free kids, Washington D. 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S. n. d. , Deontology and its discontents : A brief overview of Kant’s ethics, Molloy College, New York, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. molloy. edu/sophia/kant/deontology. htm Saxena, R. , K. 2003, Biology, Morals and Dharma, Geeta-Kavita. com, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. geeta-kavita. com/article. asp? article=biology_morals_dharma Shlozberg, R. n. d. , The trouble with moral decision making : when rational choice judgement meets Hannah Arendt, Canadian Political Science Association, Canada, viewed 26 March 2007,www. cpsa-acsp. ca/papers-2006/Shlozberg. pdf Siebel Edmonds. 2005, Siebel Edmonds, Wikipedia, USA, viewed 7 April, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sibel_Edmonds Swinton, L. n. d. , Ethical Decision Making: How to make ethical decisions in 5 steps, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. mftrou. com/ethical-decision-making. html The Body Shop- Social Responsibility or sustained greenwashing. 2006, The Body Shop-Social Responsibility or sustained greenwashing, ICFAI Center for Management Research, India, viewed 12 March 2007, http://www. icmr. icfai. org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/BECG067. htm The Oracle Education Foundation, California, viewed 10 March 2007, http://library. thinkquest. org/12160/defin. htm What is ethics?. n. d. , What is Ethics? , St. James Ethics centre, Australia, viewed 28 March 2007, http://www. ethics. org. au/about-ethics/what-is-ethics/ethical-decision-making. html Value based decision making. 2003, Value based decision making, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Missouri USA, viewed 7 April 2007, http://www. kauffman. org/signatureseries/VBDM. cfm Yrjonsuuri, M. 2004, Morality and Selfishness, viewed 7 April 2007,