The Buddha Of Suburbia By Hanif Kureishi - 951 Words

For many people, the word punk brings to mind similar images of grungy looking teenagers who are wearing dark, ripped clothing held together with safety pins and chains which displays some sort of offensive symbol or saying. They are probably also wearing a leather jacket and Doc Martens, sporting an unconventional hairstyle such as a brightly colored Mohawk or spikes, and listening to loud music. For the most part, the images people think of as associated with the word punk are a pretty accurate representation of how people who were part of the punk movement looked. Though most people can describe what punks are supposed to look like, most cannot explain the purpose of the anti-fashion trend that most punks followed. Throughout Hanif Kureishi’s novel, The Buddha of Suburbia, there is a focus on the emergence of the punk scene in London during the 1970s. The first obvious encounter we have with punk in the novel appears on page 129, when Karim and Charlie go to the Nashville a nd see their first punk band. The Nashville is a popular venue where many punk bands got their start, and a lot of famous bands, such as the Sex Pistols, performed. Karim describes the scene that they come upon with a great detailed description of the outlandish appearances of both the audience and the band members. He also describes the unusual way they are acting, the aggressive way they are dancing and the abuse between the band and audience. Though his attention is mainly on the emergence of theShow MoreRelatedThe Buddha of Suburbia by Hanif Hueshi1397 Words   |  6 PagesHanif Kueishi’s Buddha of Suburbia depicts a young man called Karim Amir and his search for identity in 1970s London. As the plot progresses, it becomes apparent that Karim does not fall into a distinct category, defined by sexuality, class, or race. He is a young mixed-race man with fluid sexuality. He is â€Å"a funny kind of Englishman†Ã¢â‚¬â€a product of two old histories (Kureishi 3). He is placed in the position of a hybrid because of his cultural background, and by the endless racist encounters thatRead More Comparing the Black Album and Rushdies The Satanic Verses Essay2549 Words   |  11 PagesThe Black Album and Rushdies The Satanic Verses      Ã‚  Ã‚   British writer C.C. Colton once claimed, Men will wrangle for religion; write for it; fight for it; die for it; anything but--live for it (Copeland 345). Indeed, if nothing else, Hanif Kureishis The Black Album shows the depths to which people concern themselves with questions of religion, ethnicity, and the identity associated with them. Kureishis themes and symbolism work within a larger context of the politics of identity,Read MoreCultural Identity In Toni Morrisons White Teeth1459 Words   |  6 Pageshave grown up in a community where different cultures are not sealed away from each other or prohibited. This initially results in Millat seeking an identity as a â€Å"Raggastani†¦a new breed†¦a cultural mongrel.† They represent what Hanif Kureishi in his book â€Å"The Buddha of Suburbia† had envisaged some thirty years ago as a new way of being British that rejects archaic notions of Britishness and employs a new hybridized approach, bl urring identities. This generation’s identity is the â€Å"in-between† whichRead MoreIdentity And The Search For The Self Among The Sub Continental Diaspora10173 Words   |  41 Pagesbringing all minorities or races together as the â€Å"other† from the mainland and also questions the â€Å"Volkisch insistence on the autonomy, purity or superiority of â€Å"one’s own culture†Ã¢â‚¬  over the other within the marginalised communities ( Dayal, p. 47). Hanif Kureishi’s essay, â€Å"The Rainbow Sign† validates this idea. In the essay he expresses his state as living in interstice in an attempt to find his home in both the places-Pakistan and England. While in the host country, Britain, he is an outsider de facto

Segu Literary Analysis - 1926 Words

Marlon Molinare Black Studies 49A Prof. Meischer Wednesday @ 1:00pm March 10 2009 Segu Literary Analysis The historical novel Segu by Maryse Condà © is set in the African country of Segu during a time of great cultural change. The African Slave Trade, the spread of Islam, and personal identity challenges were all tremendous and far-reaching issues facing Africa from the late 1700s to early 1800s. Condà © uses the four brothers of the Traore family, Tiekoro, Malobali, Siga, and Naba, to demonstrate the impact that the issues of Islam, slave trade, and identity had on African people through the development of each character. The oldest of the sons, Tiekoro exemplifies the influence and spread of Islam through out Africa at the time. When†¦show more content†¦When in the presence of the woman Romana trying to attack him, Condà © writes, â€Å"He was about to throw himself on her, knock her down, kill her perhaps, when a voice reminded him of his difficulties in the Ashanti kingdom after the rape of Ayaovi. What would happen if he now committed murder? (Condà © 265).† In two ways here, Malobali has grown up. First he realizes that all his actions have consequences and that he must realize them before making unwise decisions. In realizing this, Malobali represents Africans evolving as a whole to recognize that they must work together as a people. Secondly, Malobali realizes that Women are people too who can be reasoned with and respected rather than literally beat into submission. On a grand scale, Malobali’s second revelation represents a change in attitude toward women by African people. Still, more important is Malobali’s evolution in the context of the African Slave Trade. Later in the story Malobali gets involved in the slave trade. Condà © writes, â€Å"So Malobali was to be seen being rowed out to the slave ships, coming back with their captains†¦ and going with them to inspect human cattle whom he himself had made presentable beforehand by various tricks (Condà © 271).† Here, by a ssisting the slave ship captains, Malobali is playing an active role in the propagation of the African Slave Trade. Malobali’s actions and active

Sub Networks Their Offices And Departments †Myassignmethelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Sub Networks Their Offices And Departments? Answer: Introduction Small start-up businesses can have their operations made easy by incorporating networks and subnetworks in their offices and departments. Having the offices interconnected by a networks makes it easy to share files, information and even resources such as printers and this will help the business save on cost and minimize work done manually due to shortage of resources. ABC-Z limited as a small start-up business setting up business operations on the outskirts of Melbourne CBD will also have easy operations if it employs a TCP/IP network system to interconnect their computers and other devices. All their communication problems will be handled by the network and the devices which need to send logs will send the logs and the logs received immediately from the receivers side. There is a great advantage for using the network to enhance the intercommunication of the devices since the owners will just need to often check whether the logs are still streaming in. Networking devices can communicate even when they are made by different manufacturers. In their design, there are reference models applied that allow them to communicate as long as they are connected and in the same network. These reference models are the Open System Interconnection (OSI) and the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) [1]. Examples of the TCP/IP protocol suite in use today include the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol provides its host with all the necessary information for configuration automatically [1]. The IP address, the subnet mask and the default gateway are all issued automatically to the host. Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is a protocol used by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to share its implementation details [2]. The protocol suite contains the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server where all the hosts acquire TCP/IP configuration information. Using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol makes it easy to move nodes from one subnet to another since the IP addresses are automatically acquired. In cases where the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol suite is not used, the unique unicast IP addresses needed for each node connected by the TCP/IP model will need manual reconfiguration if a computer is moved from one computer to another [3]. If a computer is removed from the network, a manual reclamation would be needed too. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server keeps all the host IP addresses and dynamically assigns them to hosts automatically when the computer starts on the network. If the computer stops accessing the network, the IP address is reclaimed automatically by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server [4]. The host accessing the internet must be DHCP-enabled to allow the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server store its configuration information in a database. The client in turn automatically receives a valid IP address and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol options requested e.g. default gateway, DNS Servers, and the Domain Name. Figure 1: Acquisition of an IP address by A DHCP enabled host. The Address Resolution Protocol on the other hand maps IP network addresses to physical machine addresses (Media Access Control addresses) that are recognized in the network. The Address Resolution Protocol suite uses the ARP cache in maintaining the relation between the Media Access Control (MAC) address with the corresponding IP address by providing the rules to define the relations and doing the conversions of the addresses [4]. The ARP cache has a big size though it can contain very many computers IP addresses if not continually cleared. This is handled but deleting all the entries of computer addresses saved in the cache which removes all entries of unused addresses and free spaces. A client therefore caches a give Internet Protocol (IP) address only for a short time. During the deletion, the ARP cache also deletes all the IP addresses of computers that are currently not running. This is done by considering all the unsuccessful attempts to contact the computers. Figure 2: ARP request-reply structure The target system also replies with a unicast packet and the IP address. If a computer responds to a request send to another computer on its behalf, the ARP suite is called Proxy ARP and a gratuitous ARP occurs when a node defends an Internet Protocol address on the LAN and ensures no other computer uses the IP address. Besides the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol suite, the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is also used as a reference model to networking. In this suite, computers design messages which are called datagrams and send them to a given host on the network. The User Datagram Protocol normally has no connections and provides checksums which are useful in confirming the data integrity and port numbers which address issues arising at the source and destination of the datagrams. User Datagram Protocol has no dialogues or communications between the host and the server and therefore information shared via User Datagram Protocol man not have a guarantee of delivery or duplicate protection. If need arises to handle such errors, UDP introduces other applications such as TCP to handle them. It is therefore best suited when there is no error checking or correction needed. In the User Datagram Protocol, a packet is dropped if it delays in delivery [7]. It is therefore good in time saving since at times its better to drop packets and resend rather than wait for a packet that may have been delayed in the networking. Based on the business requirements for ABC-Z limited, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) will be the best cable to opt. Being busy, the business will need cables that can overcome any interferences caused by electromagnetic signals or noise without damaging the information being relayed or delaying it [4]. The network system is supposed to send logs at pre-defined intervals and this could work perfectly if all other external factors do not affect the time it takes for the information relayed to reach destination. The UTP cables are less fragile compared to STP cables and therefore they would suit the company even in installing them at the high heights and still avoid their damage even when placed at a place where they are disturbed by other people [4]. The UTP cables use cancellation effect caused by the twisting of the wire pairs to handle noise and this makes them just sufficient for the use in a company that does not have much electromagnetic interference. The unshielded twisted pair cables are smaller than shielded twisted pair and therefore they are easier to set up and install. They dont require grounding cables and only need less maintenance and therefore they are cheaper than shielded twisted pair both in installation and maintenance. To run an application that will transmit data records to another building after every 0.5 seconds, we will need to use synchronous transmission. This will allow us create agreed timings between which every bit will be sent over the network. Our system having set times after which the application will transmit data records to another building, using synchronous transmission, all communication paths will have courier signals with frequency and bits encoded into a signal. The snchronous systems normally synchronise signal clocks on both sides before beginning transmissions. supports high data transfer rate They will therefore need a clock signal between the sender and the receiver and require a requires master configuration with a slave. The sender and receiver all have some internal circuits to allows them regulate data access to hosts whose follow that agreement. A coaxial cable with give the best speed of transmitting and supporting the types of connection due to its high speed in carrying the signal [6]. Using the General Packet Radio System (GPRS), we will have a speed of 56 to 114 Kbps. One record will be coming every 0.5 seconds and records are 500 bytes in length an equivalent of 4000bits or 4Kbs. The coaxial cable will therefore be able to hold all the bytes with no expected delays. References C. F. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Management, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2003 Droms and T. Lemon, The DHCP Handbook, SAMS Publishing, 2003. Droms, " Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) Parameters," 17 11 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters/bootp-dhcp-parameters.xhtml. [Accessed 26 August 201 Bernard and C. Stuart, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Domain Search Option," November 2002. [Online]. Available: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3397. [Accessed 26 August 2017]. A. Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite (McGraw-Hill Forouzan Networking) 4th auditing, 2009. Forouzan, TCP/IP Protocol Suite e/4, 2010. Clark, Data Networks IP and the Internet,, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons Ltd, 2003. Cisco Systems, "CCNA: Network Media Types," 14 March 2003. [Online]. Available: https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276. [Accessed 28 August 2017]. C. A, "STP vs UTP Cables: Application Comparison," 7 02 2010. [Online]. Available: https://customcable.ca/stp-vs-utp-cables-application-comparison/. [Accessed 27 08 2017]. B. J. B. L. E. L. d. A. R. Bates, "High speed electrical transmission line design and characterization," 30 09 1986. [Online]. Available: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/12/02/C02002/pdf. [Accessed 27 08 2017]. address on the LAN and ensures no other computer uses the IP address.

Youth and Music free essay sample

The influence of secular music on youth has always had a close relation to violence and negative behavior. From fifties Rock and Roll to present-day Rap concerts, audience members have been Involved In brawls, rapes, stabbings, shootings, drug use and numerous other criminal actresses while listening to their favorite groups. Irrational behavior at Rock and Roll, Heavy metal, Rap, and even Country music concerts is nothing new.In fact, some people believe that this inhumane conduct can be attributed to the lyrics of these various genres of music which seems to glorify indecent behavior. Others believe that it is the inappropriate practices of the artistes themselves that encourage their young fans to become violent since most of them tend to mimic the behavior of their idols/role models. Rap music in its popularity has often faced nationwide debate especially when assessing its impact on the youth.The catalyst for such arguments has always been he violent nature of the lyrics and the way in which It Influences some of the poorest communities In the Caribbean. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth and Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I further explore the genre of rap music, I will seek to explain the role of secular music In establishing uncivilized behavior among the youth population. Research Topic/Problem Rap music and Its Influences on youth. Research Objectives 1. To identify and explain the origin of rap music. 2. To examine the effects of rap music on young people. 3.To use the findings to make recommendations about the relationship between AP music and young people. Problem Statement Rap music negatively affects the relationship between youth and their parents. This study investigates the effects of rap music on young people and their relationship with their parents, in Dictating and Maloney. Research Questions 1. What Is the history of rap music? 2. How did rap music develop its reputation? 3. Why Is listening to rap music a preference, to young people? 4. What messages are these songs sending to young people?

How to Answer this Interview Question Honestly

How to Answer this Interview Question Honestly In the interview, things are going along well. Maybe you’ve aced the small talk with the interviewer, and have created a rapport as you skip through the standard interview questions about five-year plans and that time you problem-solved the heck out of something. Then your new buddy looks you in the eye and asks for your honesty. For example, â€Å"Tell me what you’d do if your boss came up with an idea you hated.† Or â€Å"Tell me something negative you’ve heard about this company.† Just two new friends (and probable future coworkers) having a candid moment, right? Well, partly yes. But mostly no. The interview is still on, remember, and you need to answer it as an A+ candidate. How do you navigate this interview question?DO make sure you’ve got straightforward body language.Fidgeting, avoiding eye contact, all of those things make it look like you’re scrambling for an answer- or worse, making something up.DON’T disparage the c ompany or your hypothetical boss with the terrible idea.Going negative can be tempting to show what a badass shark you are, but keep in mind that this might not be so hypothetical to the interviewer. She might be your boss with the terrible idea at some point. Try to keep the tone positive no matter what:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I think an idea is a starting point for conversation.† Or â€Å"I did see the news reports last week about the company accidentally poisoning baby seals, but I think there are two sides to every story, and I’d want to know more about the situation that goes beyond the headlines.†DON’T gossip.If the company was all over the news last week for poisoning baby seals, then sure, it’s okay to go ahead and mention that particular elephant in the room if you’re asked about negative things you’ve heard. Otherwise, it’s likely the interviewer is fishing to see what the industry is saying about his company- or at the very least, trying to gauge whether you’re coming in with a particular agenda.This is especially likely to come up if your current/last job was at a competitor. You’re not a double agent, so don’t let them play you like one. If you’re pressed, be positive. â€Å"I can’t recall anything particularly negative, but I was interested in learning more about [aspect of company], if you’d like to talk more about that.DO see this as an opportunity to reflect back on your own skills.For the question on how you’d disagree with a boss or colleague, use an example of a time you faced different perspectives in a previous job. For the â€Å"what have you heard?† question, emphasize that what you have heard about the company dovetails with your goals, and that’s why you’re so interested in working with them.DON’T be brutally honest.Be tactful and positive instead. Remember, there’s Regular You, and there’s Professional You. There are, necessarily, differences between the two. Always err on the side of Professional You, even if Regular You would talk smack about the company off the record, or if Regular You would roll your eyes at a boss’s ludicrous idea. The interviewer needs to know you’re a team player, and this is a good place to show off your diplomacy skills.So in short: don’t go too negative, and if you need to, umm, massage what you really think, make sure it comes off as a straightforward response.

Ancient Maya Civilization Classic Era

Ancient Maya Civilization Classic Era The Maya culture began sometime around 1800 B.C. and in a sense, it has not ended: there are thousands of men and women in the Maya region still practicing traditional religion, speaking pre-colonial languages, and following ancient customs. Still, the Ancient Maya civilization reached its peak during the so-called â€Å"Classic Era† from around 300-900 A.D. It was during this time that the Maya civilization achieved its greatest achievements in art, culture, power, and influence. The Maya Civilization The Maya civilization thrived in the steamy jungles of present-day southern Mexico, the Yucatn Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, and parts of Honduras. The Maya were never an Empire like the Aztecs in central Mexico or the Inca in the Andes: they were never unified politically. Rather, they were a series of city-states independent from one another politically but linked by cultural similarities such as language, religion, and trade. Some of the city-states became very large and powerful and were able to conquer vassal states and control them politically and militarily but none was ever strong enough to unite the Maya into a single Empire. Beginning in 700 A.D. or so, the great Maya cities fell into decline and by 900 A.D. most of the important ones had been abandoned and fell into ruin. Before the Classic Era There have been people in the Maya region for ages, but cultural characteristics that historians associate with the Maya began appearing in the area around 1800 B.C. By 1000 B.C. the Maya had occupied all of the lowlands currently associated with their culture and by 300 B.C. most of the great Maya cities had been founded. During the late Preclassic Period (300 B.C. – 300 A.D.) the Maya began building magnificent temples and records of the first Maya Kings began to appear. The Maya were well on their way to cultural greatness. Classic Era Maya Society As the Classic era dawned, Maya society was clearly defined. There was a king, royal family, and a ruling class. The Maya kings were powerful warlords who were in charge of warfare and who were considered to be descended from the gods. Maya priests interpreted the movements of the gods, as represented by the sun, moon, stars, and planets, telling the people when to plant and do other daily tasks. There was a middle class of sorts, artisans, and traders who enjoyed special privilege without being nobility themselves. The vast majority of Maya worked in basic agriculture, growing the corn, beans, and squash that still make up the staple diet in that part of the world. Maya Science and Math The Classic Era Maya were talented astronomers and mathematicians. They understood the concept of zero, but did not work with fractions. The astronomers could predict and calculate the movements of the planets and other celestial bodies: much of the information in the four surviving Maya codices (books) concerns these movements, accurately predicting eclipses and other celestial events. The Maya were literate and had their own spoken and written language. They wrote books on specially prepared fig tree bark and carved historical information into stone on their temples and palaces. The Maya used two overlapping calendars which were quite accurate. Maya Art and Architecture Historians mark 300 A.D. as the starting point for the Maya Classic era because it was around that time that stelae began to appear (the first one dates from 292 A.D.). A stela is a stylized stone statue of an important king or ruler. Stelae include not only a likeness of the ruler but a written record of his accomplishments in the formed of carved stone glyphs. Stelae are common at the larger Maya cities that thrived during this time. The Maya built multi-storied temples, pyramids, and palaces: many of the temples are aligned with the sun and stars and important ceremonies would take place at those times. Art thrived as well: finely carved pieces of jade, large painted murals, detailed stonecarvings, and painted ceramics and pottery from this time all survive. Warfare and Trade The Classic era saw an increase in contact between the rival Maya city-states - some of it good, some of it bad. The Maya had extensive trade networks and traded for prestige items such as obsidian, gold, jade, feathers and more. They also traded for food, salt and mundane items like tools and pottery. The Maya also fought bitterly with one another. Rival city-states would skirmish frequently. During these raids, prisoners would be taken to be used as slaves or sacrificed to the gods. Occasionally, all-out war would break out between neighboring city-states, such as the rivalry between Calakmul and Tikal in the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. After the Classic Era Between 700 and 900 A.D., most of the major Maya cities were abandoned and left to ruin. Why the Maya civilization collapsed is still a mystery although there is no shortage of theories. After 900 A.D., the Maya still existed: certain Maya cities in the Yucatn, such as Chichen Itza and Mayapan, thrived during the Postclassic era. The descendants of the Maya still used the writing system, the calendar and other vestiges of the peak of Maya culture: the four surviving Maya codices are thought to have all been created during the postclassic era. The different cultures in the region were rebuilding when the Spanish arrived in the early 1500s, but the combination of the bloody conquest and European diseases pretty much ended the Maya renaissance. Sources: Burland, Cottie with Irene Nicholson and Harold Osborne. Mythology of the Americas. London: Hamlyn, 1970. McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. New York: Norton, 2004. Recinos, Adrian (translator). Popol Vuh: the Sacred Text of the Ancient Quichà © Maya. Norman: the University of Oklahoma Press, 1950.

Mathematical model of bone remodeling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mathematical model of bone remodeling - Essay Example In the humans’ body, some auto-crine and paracrine parameters ruled the bone reconstruction process for the bone’s good. For the regulation of the cell types,according to the theory that whether the cell has the nuclear envelope, which is the boundary of the nucleus, the cell can be divided into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Manolagas et al 1995, page 34). It’s noted that, the prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic can be separated like that. First, it’s the pro-karyotic cells where the cells are smaller, no nuclear envelope, without nucleolus, without form-ing the nucleus; secondly, the eukaryotic cells where the cells are larger, and it have the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, a true nucleus; thirdly, the prokaryotes, which is comprised by prokaryotic cells constitute biological. Fourthly, the eukaryotes, which is from eukaryotic cells constitute biological. Bifurcations math’s theory According to Manologas (1995) bifurcations studies the characteristics of the bifurca-tion fact and its mechanism of the math theory. Bifurcation fact is a math fact which has all kinds of performance in nature. One parameter of the system is the continuity changing to a critical value, and the system’s global state.For instance, the qualitative properties of topological properties, will change suddenly for some full determination of the nonlinear system. This critical value is called the parameter, the bifurcation value or branch value. The reason why the researchers find this intriguing is that their cause is not in a bifurcation but in a change of the inactive-state concentrations in some bones with complications such as their not being firm. (Manolagas, 1995, pages 67). The systems theory has many strong tools to check and analyze the bifurcations. Researchers found a lot of math models for the regulation of bone reconstruction for the bifurcation properties in the presen t practice. These kinds of tools could be used for understanding the reasons for some kind of complications if it is found they have some relationship with it. Hence, the common models can give a broad prospect of the dynamics of the system, and it offers convenience to the specific models. More significantly, the analysis of the common model discovers dynamical instabilities that are very much related to pathologies of bone reconstruction. In summary, they used the common modeling ways and it permits analyzing models in which the kinetics is not constrained to the specific math functions. The assumption being put forward in the present time produces and extends to the 3D models are quiet if that assumption doesn’t exist; we are shown that it is in two-parameter models with the proposed structure, where the firmness of the inactive state demands that the actions of OPG control over those of RANKL.Those results show that osteoblast precursors have a significant effect on the d ynamics and it ought to be taken into consideration in models. For human kind, the bone reconstruction process is influenced by some different parameters to maintain the bone balance. When the balance is broken, it may result into some different kinds of bone complications , for instance osteoporosis and Paget’s sickness of bone(Di Bernard, Feigin, Hogan & Homer,1999, page 1890). Paget’s sickness is common in the nipples of the elderly females and the surrounding skin, malignant tumors,

Corporate governance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corporate governance - Case Study Example The corporation holds an enhanced asset policy that helps in reducing the risk and optimizes opportunity (BHP Billiton, 2010). The corporate governance program of BHP resulted in the financial growth, with increase in sales volume. EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) increases with higher margin with a positive increase in the cash flow, thus making the corporate more competitive along with maintaining the shareholders interest in the corporation in different ways especially through enhanced dividend policy (BHP Billiton, 2010). As stated by Timothy M. Devinney in one of his article, BHP Billiton had routinely placed itself soaring in social responsibility surveys (such as Global Reporting Initiative) for the corporations’ response to the environmental procedures and safety (Devinney, 2009). Due to the consequence of highly exposed measures such as the James Hardie asbestos scandal and the collapse of Enron in Australia, it had increased the level of corporate governance. BHP shareholders have formed ‘BHP shareholders for social responsibility’ concerning about the social, economical and environmental issues and the BHP management have actively participated in corporate governance (Thomas & Nowak, 2006). BHP Billiton have committed to the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Global Compact. It has committed to the Global Reporting Initiative towards the social responsibility (Jones & Et. Al., 2007). BHP Billiton has failed in their commitment towards collective bargaining for its employees which was compatible with its CSR line. During previous years the report relating to the collective bargaining and issues related to labor management was not emphasized. During the year 2005, the corporation had listed unions as the key stakeholders but still it did not align to the corporate social responsibilities. The potential for ethical business behavior is judged when the corporations reinforce

Types of Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Types of Discrimination Essay Racial Discrimination: According to the Australian Human Right and Equal Opportunity Commission, racial discrimination is the treatment of someone less fairly because of his or her race, color, descent, national origin or ethnic origin than someone of a different race would be treated in a similar situation. Racial Discrimination is not only reflected in personal attitudes and behaviors, it can be expressed in values, presumptions, structures and processes of social, economic, cultural and political institutions. Such institutional racial discrimination is less direct and harder to identify than personal beliefs and behaviors. Structures and processes may appear as non-discriminatory but in fact operate to advantage some groups over others. The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) makes racial discrimination unlawful in Australia. The legislation covers all of Australia and can be used to ensure everyone is treated equally, regardless of his or her race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin. The Racial Discrimination Act covers discrimination in areas such as employment, renting or buying property, the provision of goods and services, accessing public places and in advertising. Aged Discrimination:Age discrimination occurs when an opportunity is denied to a person solely because of their age and where age is irrelevant to the persons ability to take advantage of that opportunity. Direct age discrimination happens when a person is treated less favorably because of their age than a person of another age group would be treated in the same or similar circumstances. Discrimination also happens when there is a requirement, condition or practice that is the same for everyone but has an unfair effect on a person of a particular age. This is known as indirect discrimination. The Age Discrimination Act 2004 prohibits less favorable treatment not only because of age, but also because of characteristics generally pertaining to age and characteristics generally imputed to people of that age. Sex Discrimination (Gender: Women):Sex discrimination against women occurs when a woman is treated less fairly than another person because of her sex or marital status or because she is pregnant. This is direct discrimination. Indirect discrimination can also occur when a requirement that is the same for everyone has an unfair effect on women because of their sex, marital status, pregnancy or potential pregnancy. The Sex Discrimination Act 1984 makes sex discrimination against the law. The Act gives effect to Australias obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and parts of International labor Organization Convention 156. Its major objectives are to:†¢Promote equality between men and women;†¢Eliminate discrimination on the basis of sex, marital status or pregnancy and, with respect to dismissals, family responsibilities; and†¢Eliminate sexual harassment at work, in educational institutions, in the provision of goods and service, in the provision of accommodation and the administration of federal programs. Cultural Discrimination (Aboriginals):Cultural discrimination (Aboriginals) is being treated less fairly than someone else because youre Aboriginal. This treatment may be illegal. Unlawful discrimination on the basis of ones Aboriginality can happen at:-Work-School or college-A public venue-In a shop-Looking for a house to rent or buy-Applying for credit, insurance or a loan-Dealing with trades people, businesses or state or local government. The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) makes racial discrimination unlawful in Australia this includes discrimination against aboriginals. Disability Discrimination:Disability discrimination happens when people with a disability are treated less fairly than people without a disability. Disability discrimination also occurs when people are treated less fairly because they are relatives, friends, carers, co-workers or associates of a person with a disability the Federal Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (D.D.A.) provides protection for everyone in Australia against discrimination based on disability. It encourages everyone to be involved in implementing the Act and to share in the overall benefits to the community  and the economy that flow from participation by the widest range of people. Bibliography: †¢http://www.humanrights.gov.au/racial_discrimination/index.html†¢http://www.hreoc.gov.au/age/index.html†¢http://www.humanrights.gov.au/sex_discrimination/index.htm†¢http://www.adcq.qld.gov.au/Brochures07/race_ATSI.html†¢http://www.humanrights.gov.au/disability_rights/dda_guide/about/about.html†¢http://humanrights.gov.au/education/voices/pdf/a5_case_study2.pdf†¢http://www.racismnoway.com.au/library/understanding/index-What.html#Heading34†¢http://humanrights.gov.au/education/voices/pdf/a5_case_study2.pdf

racism :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Washington August 23, 1968. Racism is probably the fist form of discrimination that is thought of. It is the belief that some people are inferior to others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Often times it’s in their school†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is believed racial slurs are just jokes but not to those who they are ridiculing. Many are perpetrators of joking racism and usually feel that these types of jokes are harmless. They can be harmless and maybe at times funny but are also hurtful and degrading. Some of the biggest racists are those who don’t even know that they are and even deny it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Kings day racism was much deeper. It was a livelihood for many people. They based their lives on haste and discrimination. Today it may occur, but the majority of society does not base a lifestyle on hate and discrimination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King Jr. used a very effective, non-violent form of prostest, which helped African Americans gain equal rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These events led to many civil rights movements to develop throughout time until the present day: â€Å"Because of some of these boycotts†¦ An example of this is â€Å"The largest ever non-violent protest in Washington August 23, 1968, where 200,000 people attended (World Book Encyclopedia).† King was a great influence to the Civil Rights Movement. Eventually the Civil Rights Movement let to some freedom for blacks, even though racism still exists today, and most laws were passed due to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. The African-American community no longer has limited rights or segregation from society. People have grown closer to racial unity. Despite all of this, racism remains in the minds of people, and hate crimes, as well as white supremacist organizations, still exist.

Boston Massacre Propaganda

The events of March 5, 1770, dubbed as â€Å"The Boston Massacre†, was a tragedy in which 5 Bostonian civilians lost their lives at the hands of British Redcoats. Although the Redcoats, terribly at fault, shot into the masses, the rebellious Bostonians played a role in the shooting as well. Although they were quite justified in doing so, the townspeople of Boston severely over exaggerated the events of that day in order to gain public sympathy and pit more colonists against the British regime. Within three weeks of the event in March 1770, an engraving by Paul Revere began circulating throughout the colony. His depiction of the shooting contained not a clash of brawlers, but instead innocent citizens, whom the British had no foreseeable reason to shoot at. Revere's intention was to convince viewers of the indisputable justice of the colonial cause. The public, enraged over the killings, began joining the Separatist cause, and revolts became very frequent. Revere's engraving, however, was mere propaganda used to oppose the British, for his depiction did not correctly display the unfolding of events. The British shot, not at innocent civilians posing no threat, but at rebellious colonists, many of whom were taunting the soldiers and throwing snowballs and rocks in their vicinity. Although the outrageous behavior of the Bostonians bore no reason for the Redcoats to open fire, it certainly changes the complexity of the situation. Both sides were in some degree to blame for the mass shooting. In an interview printed by the Nova Scotia Chronicle following the shooting, an anonymous Bostonian recounted the events of the aforesaid day. His account of the situation, while correct in many senses, was aimed to gain public sympathy for the townspeople of Boston. He claims that â€Å"the [British] soldiery aimed to draw and provoke the townsmen† in order to â€Å"make use of†¦ weapons† (Nova Scotia Chronicle 1). The colonist essentially claims that the Redcoats are guilty of premeditated murder, contradicting previous reports of the event. Multiple sources, from either side of the conflict, reported that the townspeople, many of whom were drunken, wielded clubs, and some even went as far as to attack sentry towers in the area. Angered over the recent death of a ten-year-old boy, shot during a protest against a merchant who had defied the colonial boycott of British goods, colonists felt that the Redcoats were to blame and that they deserved this treatment. The soldiers, uneasy and provoked by the mob, heard someone yell â€Å"fire†, and believing the voice to be that of their commander, shot into the jeering crowd. The article depicts the colonists affected by this event as harmless and innocent, displaying the article's inability to print the entire story. In this regard, the colonists used The Boston Massacre to encourage the spread of outrage among the colonies against the British. The Boston Massacre still stands today as one of the most tragic events in United States history. However, in the subsequent weeks and months, reports and depictions of the event were, for the most part, one-sided, in favor of the colonists. The colonists used The Boston Massacre in a multitude of ways to gain public sympathy and spread anger directed toward the British all across the American colonies.

Making Your Own Luck

I should never have thrown the chain letter away. The letter clearly warned me that if I did, I would have one day of bad luck. I did not believe it, so I threw the silly piece of paper in the garbage. I thought the friend who sent me the letter was just a superstitious fool. Letters do not bring you luck. You make your own! That night, however, as I fell asleep, I had the uncomfortable feeling that something was not quite right. When I woke up the next morning, I was surprised to find that I had overslept and would be late for work.As I rushed down the stairs to eat a quick breakfast, I tripped over my bag and spilled glassofwateronthepileofdocuments, whichI should have presentedat the meetingthat morning. Because themeetingwasabouttobegin, Irushedto getmycaranddriveto the officeveryquickly. However, bad luck happened to me again; my car was covered by snow from last night, so I needed to take time to make them melt. On my way to work, I decided to take a shortcut through an old par t of town. I drove to an old rough road which people rarely use daily. However, when I was very close to my office, I noticed there was an accident in the front of my car.Suddenly, I heard a noisy police car and people tried to change to another lane, and I was stuck in a traffic jam. After a while, I finally arrived at work. When I arrived at work, I found a note on my desk from my boss. She wanted to see me right away. I took a deep breath and walked into her office. As I stepped inside, I noticed a scowl on her face. Of course, she scolded me for arriving late and for not preparing well for the meeting. She had had to start the meeting without any help. Because of her rage, I was received a warning letter. At 5 PM, I left my office and went home feeling very tired and disappointed.Finally, after a long and difficult day, I returned home to find that my air conditioner was broken. I could not take it anymore! It had been the worst day of my life, and I did not want anything else t o happen. I rushed to the garbage can and dug around for the chain letter I had thrown away the day before. It was covered with coffee grounds and potato peels, but I could still read the words: â€Å"Send ten copies of this letter to your friends and you will have good luck for a year. † I sat down at the kitchen table and began to make copies for ten of my friends. They could take their chances, but I was not going to have any more bad luck!

Huck Finn2 essays

Huck Finn2 essays In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain shows how Huck evolves in every adventure and how he is growing in every aspect of his life. It is easy to forget that Huck is only a twelve-year old boy, when we see him out smart grown men. The most significant part of the whole novel is the decision that Huck has to make about Jim. Huck would never turn his back on Jim now because he is his only family. Huck also grows up in the sense that he loses his innocence: He begins to understand the hypocrisy of society. He sees the Grangerfords killed by the Shephardsons, and he sees the Duke and the King manipulate the townspeople out of their money. He starts realizing he can converse with the opposite sex and that he can tell the truth. Even though Huck is un-educated, he learns and understands many things about people and himself. Huck goes through many trails that initiate him into the adult world. Huck takes on the role of a rebel and goes against Paps authority. Huck starts getting tired of Paps authority Pap has not been a father figure and Huck does not really know what it is like to feel loved. Huck acts mature in the sense that he can take care of himself, but deep-down inside he is scared and yearning to be loved and wanted. We know this because when he runs away from his father he ends up going to the Widow Douglas. She tries to turn Huck into a civilized boy, but Huck is not about to change just to please the Widow. Huck then decides to give his money to Judge Thatcher, so that Pap cannot take his money. In the novel, it shows repeatedly how Pap tries to take his money and this proves that he is selfish and does not care about Huck because if he did he would not beat him and takes his money. Huck shows his maturity by running away from Pap and not letting him abuse him any longer. Huck then escapes Pap and finds Jim. Huck has to make a major decision that could affect the ...

Ancient Greek and Roman Clothing

Ancient Greek and Roman Clothing Ancient Greeks and Romans wore similar clothing, usually made at home. One of the principal occupations of women in ancient society was weaving. Women wove garments generally of wool or linen for their families, although the very wealthy could also afford silk and cotton. Research suggests that fabrics were often brightly colored and decorated with elaborate designs. In general, the women wove a single square or rectangular piece of clothing that could have multiple uses. It could be a garment, a blanket, or even a shroud. Infants and young children often went naked. Greco-Roman clothing for both women and men consisted of two main garments- a tunic (either a peplos or chiton) and a cloak (himation or toga). Both women and men wore sandals, slippers, soft shoes, or boots, although at home they usually went barefoot. Tunics, Togas, and Mantles Roman togas were white woolen strips of cloth about six feet wide and 12 feet long. They were draped over the shoulders and body and worn over a linen tunic. Children and commoners wore natural or off-white togas, while Roman senators wore brighter, whiter togas. Colored stripes on the toga designated particular occupations or statuses; for example, magistrates togas had purple stripes and edging. Togas were relatively unwieldy to wear, so they were reserved for formal or leisure events. While togas had their place, most working people needed more practical clothing on a daily basis. As a result, most ancient people wore one or more tunics, large rectangles of cloth known as a peplos and/or a chiton. Peplos are heavier and usually not sewn but pinned; chitons were about twice the size of the peplos, made of a lighter fabric and generally seamed. The tunic was the basic garment: it could also be used as an undergarment. Instead of a toga, some Roman women wore an ankle-length, pleated dress known as the stola, which could have long sleeves and fastened at the shoulder with the clasp known as a fibula. Such garments were worn over the tunics and under the palla. Prostitutes wore togas instead of the stola. The Layered Effect A typical outfit for a woman might start with a strophion, a soft band wrapped around the mid-section of the body. Over the strophion could be draped the peplos, a large rectangle of heavy fabric, usually wool, folded over along the upper edge to create a double layer in front called an overfold (apoptygma). The top edge would be draped to reach to the waist. The peplos was fastened at the shoulders, armhole openings were left on each side, and the peplos might or might not be cinched with a belt.   Instead of a peplos, a woman might wear a chiton, made of a much lighter material, usually imported linen which sometimes was diaphanous or semi-transparent. Made with twice as much material as the peplos, the chiton was wide enough to allow sleeves to be fastened along the upper arms with pins or buttons. Both the peplos and chiton were floor-length, and usually long enough to be pulled over a belt, creating a soft pouch called a kolpos.  Ã‚   Over the  tunic would go a mantle of some sort. This was the rectangular himation for the Greeks, and pallium or palla for the Romans, draped over the left arm and under the right. Roman male citizens also wore a toga instead of the Greek himation, or a large rectangular or semicircular shawl that would be worn pinned on the right shoulder or joined at the front of the body. Cloaks and Outerwear In inclement weather or for reasons of fashion, Romans would wear certain outer garments, mostly cloaks or capes pinned at the shoulder, fastened down the front or possibly pulled over the head. Wool was the most common material, but some could be leather. Shoes and sandals were ordinarily made of leather, although shoes might be wool felt. Throughout the Bronze and Iron ages, womens and mens fashion choices varied greatly as they fell in and out of style. In Greece, the peplos was the earliest developed, and the chiton first appeared in the sixth century BCE, only to fall out of favor again in the fifth century. Sources and Further Information Ancient Greek Dress. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.Casson, Lionel. Greek and Roman Clothing: Some Technical Terms. Glotta 61.3/4 (1983): 193–207.Cleland, Liza, Glenys Davies, and Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones. Greek and Roman Dress from A to Z. London: Routledge, 2007.Croom, Alexandra. Roman Clothing and Fashion. Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, 2010.Harlow, Mary E. Dressing to Please Themselves: Clothing Choices for Roman Women. Dress and Identity. Ed. Harlow, Mary E. Bar International Series 2536. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2012. 37–46.Olsen, Kelly. Dress and the Roman Woman: Self-Presentation and Society. London: Routledge, 2012.  Smith, Stephanie Ann, and Debby Sneed. Womens Dress in Archaic Greece: The Peplos, Chiton, and Himation. Classics Department, University of Colorado Boulder, June 18, 2018.

Health Quality Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Quality Care Administration - Essay Example (Kilpatrick and Johnson 856-857). External feedback mechanism: Survey is the most common, reliable and valid method to gather feedback from external customers who mainly are the patients for a health care facility. The instrument of survey is a rigorously prepared questionnaire using Likert or Yes/No scales. Likert scales provide better perception as it is a labeled scale for e.g. patient attributes may be between 'excellent to poor'. A three to five point scale is used commonly while a seven-point scale is rare. A survey may be telephonic or mailed (Lloyd 40-43). The most commonly used method to collect information from clients is survey. The survey is useful for assessment of services and product at pre admission, at the point of service and post service care. The advantages of survey are its generalizability, provides comparative data, and continuity of monitoring. It is easy and fast to implement. It, though, requires appropriate instruments and protocols. The focus group is reportedly is a small representative sample of target population. It is a one to one and one-half hour discussion by the group of 8 to 14 persons implemented by a professional. The focus group results are usually compared with a survey result. One more method to hear voice of the customer is Observation, A least expensive method. The staff member closely watches the happenings at a location during a specific time period. Personal interviews provide rich information by direct interaction provided a skilled interviewer does it. An Unsolicited feedback is for what usuall y overlooked in health care for e.g. a patient not satisfied with something demands meeting the manager immediately (Lloyd 40-43, Kilpatrick and Johnson 701-702). c) Please explain the strengths and weaknesses of "focus groups" that are frequently used for this process. The advantages of focus group are: 1. A focus group does not require large samples it is a small group of upto 15 participants. 2. The information from focus group is useful in getting quantitative data of the target population by a larger sample 3. It helps in finding new concerns in the population for improvement of services or products accordingly 4. It has very high flexibility on account of very small sample size (Lloyd 40-44). Disadvantages: 1. Provide only qualitative information that is not always a representative of target population 2. Highly qualified facilitators are required else the results may not be of any use. 3. It is non anonymous as it is obvious who is expressing opinion d) Use the text and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Study (HCAHPS) website to create a survey that can be used in your healthcare facility. The health care facility survey are carried out for hospital, in- center haemodialysis and nursing homes to know patients opinion about care and services in these facilities. The questionnaire has 1-22 mandatory questions of a National initiative sponsored by the United States Department of Health and Human Services to measure the quality of care in hospitals and rest, 23-27, are on background of the patient. This CAHPS questionnaire1 adopted by H-CAHPS is to get

Arab economic integration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Arab economic integration - Research Paper Example All of these aimed at enhancing the economic development of its member states (Hakimian & Nugent, 2005). The Gulf cooperation council member states had a notable difference in regard to the economic growth and also difference in the gross domestic product per capital where Kuwait has the lowest figure of US$ 1000 compared to the United Arab Emirates which has over US$25000 (United Nations, 2009). With these disparities in the level of per capita income the Arab economic integration has to engage in an intra-industry trade and economic activities which is guided by the product differentiation. The reason of choosing this market driven by product differentiation is to gather and accommodate the existing income and GDP differences as well as preference. The major characteristic and influence that has been introduced by the Arab economic integration is the reduction and the elimination of the trade barriers that exist in between the member states, the reduction of the standard trade barr iers include the non tariff barriers and the general costs of real trade (Hakimian & Nugent, 2005). The economic analysis and the evaluation of the Arab economic integration can be taken into account in two different dimensions where the first dimension is about the focus on the goods and services market, this dimension can be used to evaluate and assess the suitability and the desirability in regards as well as the context of the Arab integration. The second dimension comprises the reasoning in terms of the vicious circle; this provides that the idea of Arab economic integration has not been that effective because of the little intra regional trade due to the lack of organized...This paper mainly focuses on initiation of the Arab economic integration, more specifically on the countries, which are active members of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It provides a clear description of the market environment in these countries and the strategies that the governments of the respective membe r states have put into place to enhance the efforts of integration. The paper further focuses on both the major challenges that limit the implementation process and the possible approaches that can be adopted, so as to achieve optimum economic integration among the GCC member states. Regional economic integration among the Arab countries especially for the GCC countries has been a notable phenomenon. Efforts of regional economic integration in these countries started earlier than any other developing region in the world at around 1950s, The Arab states resolved on adopting numerous regional economic agreements that aimed at lifting up trade barriers mainly on preferential basis. These initiatives of economic integration had a significant economic impact on these integrated countries. The studies and analysis of this Arab integration indicated that the slow accomplishment and realization of the integration is due to the low intra-regional trade of goods among the member states. The key challenge in the pursuance of the economic integration by Arab countries is the efforts to establish a common market or a custom union. This has not been made possible due to its implementation nature where it requires agreement and harmonization of policies and regulations between the states. There is a need to establish institutional mechanisms, that will promote regional economic integration, in these counries.

Identity fraud its impact and the case for prevention Essay

Identity fraud its impact and the case for prevention - Essay Example The paper describes and shows identify fraud from all sides. Identify fraud could be said to be crimes committed through impersonation. The most common bad act is the crime of credit card fraud, but mortgage fraud, and also gaining access to the finances of a specified targeted person or a frame of a targeted person falls within what mass media reports of identity theft have included. Identity fraud is one of the crimes which spread widely. For every one identity is important. In the present time it is a valuable commodity. Importance of identity protection needs to be reinforced with time. That means the introduction of internet banking, debit or credit cards, E-commerce etc. need to be doubly protected against infiltrators or fraudsters who design to commit large scale fraud through misuse and misrepresentation of true identities. Though the internet creates milestones in the milieu of information technology, it could often fall prey to criminal brains and their perpetrations. Thus, the propensity for thefts is on the increase and the chances of detection are also on the increase. So the user must be aware of identity fraudsters and the scam in their field. Users need to stake their true identity to prove who are authorized to use credit cards, operate bank accounts, and obtain bank loans, or to claim any other benefits. Lack of proper and due care with respect to identity protection could make one an unsuspecting victim of identity theft, and even when this is detected, it may be too late to remedy.

Attack Tree Of Computer Security

Attack Tree Of Computer Security This report is introduces about the possible attack for company and it represent by the attack tree diagram. In the company have six computer and internal server. Each computer is using Microsoft window 7. They are using the DVD to store the backup and the router is default setting. Each employee has the email address. Firstly, I will attack the workstation, try to obtain the password illegally and attack the security such as install virus, Trojan, worm and DOS attack. After that, I will attack the dvd to get the dvd and do some malicious action. Obtain the DVD can through the employee, such as bribe or threaten. Malicious action will install the threats into the DVD and spread to other computer when they are using the backup. Then, we will attack the router which is change the WEP or filter the mac address to cause the computer cannot connect to the network. We also can using threats through the router to install into the system, e.g plashing, pharming, DNS cache poisoning and spoof ing. However, I will attack the server using the internal threats and external threats, such as ask a person to disguise a customer to get the information from company, or ask the temporarily customer to be a spy to do some malicious action. Moreover, attack the email using the security threats like phishing, email spam, virus and spam. Then, obtain the email password from the target. Finally, attack the window 7 using hacking tools to destroy the host file from the system and using physical attack to the system and obtain the important data or change the data to make a big lose for the company. All of these attacks will discuss in this report. Introduction and scope Attack tree helps one to understand security issue better, from the stand point of an attacker. Attack trees are a graphical and mathematical construct used to identify most of the attack that will cause the greatest risk to the defender, determine effective strategies decrease the risk in a acceptable level for the defender, describe the potential attack between the adversary and the defender, provide a communication mechanism for security analysts, capture what is known and believed about the system and its adversaries, and store the information in a diagram that can be understood for the subsequently defenders. Although it is very hard to identify the entire possible factor that leads to intuition, it is based on the experiences and the ability to extrapolate how the experiences apply on the new situation.  For example, the effectiveness of internet security, network security, banking system security, installation and personnel security may all be modelled using attack trees. Th e ideal of attack tree is that an equipment, software, process could have vulnerabilities that when successful, they could compromise the entire system. Scope There are six computers and one internal server and each computer encompasses Microsoft Window 7 and Microsoft Office 2007. Each workstation has been patched with all updates of March 25, 2010. They are using ADSL 2+ connection. The server and workstation backup is store in a DVD. All the employees have email addresses and there share the document through a D-Link DNS-323 NAS. The router is utilising default settings and consists of a D-Link DSL G604t. Each workstation is utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool. Assumptions -The room houses the server is not locked or well protected with access key. -The router is not updated with the latest patches and set the default setting. -The workstations are not created with user login account. -No legal antivirus software is installed. Attack tree for compromising availability Spyware Trojan Virus Worm DOS attack Security attack Attack workstation Description: Due do the workstation do not have any legal antivirus software, so the security of the workstation is weak. We can use different threats to attack the workstation. We will install spyware to the workstation through email, when the employee clicks on the email. Spyware will collect some information from there without their knowledge. It is hard to detect, unless the user install the anti spyware software. We also use the same way to install the Trojan, virus and worm into the workstation. Trojan will format the hard drive when the user runs it. Virus will spread from one device to another, when they are connecting to another computer or device. Most of the virus will destroy the data or cause the computer keep reboot. Worm will use up the computer resources and possibly shutting down the system. Install the DOS (Denial of service) attack to prevent the user to access information or service, such as access email, website, etc. Attack workstation Steal Get password from employee Bribe Threaten Find written password Obtain login password illegally Use widely known password Learn password Guess password Description: The other way to attack the workstation is obtain the administrator login password illegally. First of all, we can try to guess the password or use the widely known password, because most of the users usually use the password to easy memories. After that, we also can learn the password such as find the written password from the user. We also can get the password from the employee. There are many ways to get from them. Firstly, we can threaten the employee, like find out some secret from the employees. However, we can bribe the employees to give them some advantages, such as money or something they like. Finally, we can steal from the employee, like install remote password stealer computer and receive the password through email. Blackmail Bribe Employee Copy Steal Exchange DVD Obtain DVD Attack backup Description: The backup of company is store in a DVD, so there are many possible ways to obtain the DVD. Firstly, we can use another DVD to exchange with the DVD backup, so they cannot find out any problem before they use the DVD. After that, we also can steal the DVD or copy the DVD. Finally, we can bribe the employee or blackmail the employee to let him get the DVD. Attack backup Malicious action Spyware Virus Trojan Destroy DVD Description: Another way to attack the backup is do malicious action. We can destroy DVD, like burn or break it. We also can put the threats through email or employee to the workstation, so after they backup the threats also in the DVD. When they use the backup DVD, the Trojan will install in the system, and format the hard drive of the system. Virus will spread into the system to destroy the data or make the system error. Spyware will install into the system and collects some information from the system, so we can know what is the user doing in the system. Filter the mac address Set the WEP Get in the router Attack router Change router login password Block the website Description: Because of the router is using the default setting, so they do not change the login password. So we can get in the router using the default password. After that, we can change the login password and set a WEP to ignore the employee using the wireless. However, we can filter the mac address to disable employees computer to connect internet. Furthermore, we also can block some URL about the company, so the employee cannot access the website. Phlashing Pharming DNS cache poisoning Spoofing Attack router Security attack Description: There is some security attack to the router. We can use the spoofing attack to masquerades as another program to falsifying data and gaining some advantages. Furthermore, DNS cache poisoning will corrupts the DNS table and cache, so the domain name will assign with a malicious IP address. When the employee use the malicious IP address, the computer will infected by worm, viruses or spyware. Moreover, we also can use pharming to attack the router. Pharming is redirecting the website traffic to a bogus website. When the employee get in the website, pharming will conducted to change the hosts file or exploitation the vulnerability in DNS server software. Finally, phlashing will exploit vulnerability in network based firmware update, it will permanently disable the hardware by loading corrupted BIOS onto the hardware. Attack server Trojan Worm Virus Check for the security protection Install remote access Disguise Eavesdrop Security attack Espionage Temporarily employee Customer Internal threats Description: There are two internal threats to attack the server. Due to the room of server is do not lock properly, so the temporarily employee can easily get in the room. Temporarily employee maybe is espionage to get the information from the server. They will install remote access to control the server, such as delete the data or destroy the server. They also will attack the security and install virus, worm and Trojan to exploit the server and cause the server crash. Attacker also will disguise be a customer, so they can go to the company easily. They can be eavesdrop in the company, and they can check for the security protection of the company, find out the vulnerability, so they can easily get into the company when nobody inside. Attack server Internal threats Across to the computer room power Across to the power switch Turn off security protection Rename server Turn the power off Steal data Employee Description: Another internal threat is employee. We can bribe the employee, because employees already work in the company for a long time, so we can ask them to steal important data or some secret data of the company. However, we also can ask them to turn off the power of the server room, so some document have not save will missing. Employees can across the power switch or across to the computer room power to turn off the power. Then, turn off the security protection in the server, so we can easily to hack into the server. Finally, rename the server and cause all computer cannot connect to the server. Obtain password from target Threats Trojan Viruses Email spam Phishing Security attack Attack email Description: Email will attack by the threats and obtain the password illegally from the target. We can threaten or blackmail the target to get the email password, so we can send email for others and provide wrong information to them. There are four types of threats send to the email and bluff the employee to click it, so the threats will install into the system. First, phishing will send by the email and come out well known website, then the employee go to the website and key in the username and password, their information will obtain by attacker. Moreover, the email spam will send the message to numerous recipients by email, and it is unsolicited. However, viruses are dangerous because they often deliver extremely destructive payloads, destroying data, and bringing down entire mail systems. Finally, use email installs Trojan to obtain confidential information or gain control of the server. Attack Microsoft Window 7 Change the document Destroy host file Spyware Malware Hacking tools Turn off power supply Disguise Cleaner Destroy computer Description: Microsoft window 7 is the widely operating system in the world, so there are many hacking tools to hack into the system. Attacker can pretend be a cleaner, and using the tools to hack into the system, after that install the malware to destroy the host file or change the important document, effects the company process. Then, install the spyware to spy the user work in the system and obtain the login password. Furthermore, we also can destroy the computer such as use water or burn it. Finally, turn off the power supply and cause the system lost the data before the user save it. Attack Microsoft Window 7 Physical attack Security attack Teardrop Remote access trojan Worm Virus Crash Win 7 Description: Microsoft window 7 also can attack physically. Because of the window 7 is widely use, so attacker are found many security vulnerability. Teardrop attack is a form of denial of service (DOS) attack, it will exploit the system when the internet protocol requires that a packet too big for the next router to handle has to split into fragments. In the teardrop attack, attackers IP puts an odd and confusing offset value in the second fragment or in a fragment thereafter. If the operating system under the teardrop attacks, the system will crash. Another is security attack, we can ask the employee or using the email to install virus, worm and spread all of these threats to the entire computer in the company on the network, and make the system down. Another threat is using remote access Trojan to control the system. This type of Trojan creates a backdoor into the system. We can use the client to control the server, this can allow to almost completing control over the victims system. Attack Microsoft Office 2007 Confidential loss Threats of document Integrity loss Altered data Corrupt data Sell data Broadcast data Description The method of attack the Microsoft Office 2007 is threats the document. Firstly, we can get the document from employee or using the Trojan or virus through email send to the system to obtain the document. Then, it will cause the integrity loss and confidential loss. In the integrity loss, we will altered the data and corrupt the data. In the confidential loss, we will broadcast the data or sell the data to another company, so the secret of the company will know by everyone. These two type of method will cause big loss for the company. Conclusion As you can seem that from the diagram, there are many attack come from many different ways such as internal threats, external threats. Internal threats are cause by the employee, customer and the worker in the company. External threats are cause by the attacker using different method to hack into the system to do malicious action. But comparatively, the attacking from internal is easier, because the employee is know more about the company and can get the data easily, but that is dangerous, if the company found that, they will get catch. In the other hand, the attacking from external is difficult but safe, because they do not know where is the data and also need to avoid the security protection, but if the company found that, they is hard to track the attacker. All of the diagram above is some of the possible attack, there are still have many possible attack. Indeed, with the technological advancements, it is likely that the computer threats will emerge in endlessly, so the possible a ttack will come out more and more in the future. Glossary Virus- A hidden, self-replicating section of computer software, usually malicious logic, that propagates by infecting i.e., inserting a copy of itself into and becoming part of another program. A virus cannot run by itself; it requires that its host program be run to make the virus active. Trojan- A computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorizations of a system entity that invokes the program. Worm- A computer program that can run independently, can propagate a complete working version of itself onto other hosts on a network, and may consume computer resources destructively. Spyware- Spyware is a type of malware that can be installed on computers and collects little bits of information at a time about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user, and can be difficult to detect. Typically, spyware is secretly installed on the users personal computer. Spam-Electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings. Spoofing-Attempt by an unauthorized entity to gain access to a system by posing as an authorized user. Pharming-This is a more sophisticated form of MITM attack. A users session is redirected to a masquerading website. This can be achieved by corrupting a DNS server on the Internet and pointing a URL to the masquerading websites IP. Almost all users use a URL like www.worldbank.com instead of the real IP (192.86.99.140) of the website. Changing the pointers on a DNS server, the URL can be redirected to send traffic to the IP of the pseudo website. At the pseudo website, transactions can be mimicked and information like login credentials can be gathered. With this the attacker can access the real www.worldbank.com site and conduct transactions using the credentials of a valid user on that website. Phishing-The use of e-mails that appear to originate from a trusted source to trick a user into entering valid credentials at a fake website. Typically the e-mail and the web site looks like they are part of a bank the user is doing business with. Denial of service-The prevention of authorized access to a system resource or the delaying of system operations and functions. Malware-A generic term for a number of different types of malicious code. DNS cache poisoning-DNS poisoning is also called DNS cache poisoning, and refers to the corruption of DNS tables and caches so that a domain name points to a malicious IP address. Once the user is re-directed to the malicious IP address his/her computer can be infected with worms, viruses, spy ware etc. Phlashing- Phlashing is a permanent denial of service (DoS) attack that exploits a vulnerability in network-based firmware updates. Such an attack is currently theoretical but if carried out could render the target device inoperable. Teardrop-Teardrop is a program that sends IP fragments to a machine connected to the Internet or a network. Teardrop exploits an overlapping IP fragment bug present in Windows 95, Windows NT and Windows 3.1 machines. The bug causes the TCP/IP fragmentation re-assembly code to improperly handle overlapping IP fragments. This attack has not been shown to cause any significant damage to systems, and a simple reboot is the preferred remedy. It should be noted, though, that while this attack is considered to be non-destructive, it could cause problems if there is unsaved data in open applications at the time that the machine is attacked. The primary problem with this is a loss of data.

Competitive Sports at an Early Age :: essays research papers

Name Subject Date Should Children Participate in Competitive Sports at an Early Age? Many American parents struggle to answer the puzzling question of what the appropriate age children should start to participate in competitive sports. A subject like this is puzzling because there are many issues that must be addressed, because it is controversial. Some American parents push their children too far, too young. The average American child usually will start to participate actively in competitive sports between the ages of six and twelve and can be unhealthy to a child’s development (CWG 131). The question at what age a child should start, has a different answer for each individual child. Parents often fail to realize that their child may not be physically ready for competitive sports, even though the child is ready. I believe that a child should participate in sports only if he is wanting too participate and is not pushed by their parents. Every parent has a different way of looking at, if their child is ready to start. If a six year little boy wanted to start playing football, the child may not be fully capable of handling such strength and tension that might cause a life long injury (Koppett 294). Some parents may think he is ready, but is probably not. Determining whether or not a child is ready for competitiv! e sports can sometimes be difficult to answer, because to determine if they are ready a child must be mentally ready also. Sports not only take physical strength, but a child must have psychological capacity to get them through such strenuous activity. A child may sometimes become scared when participating in sports. For example, A mother of an eight-year-old Peewee Football player explained, "The kids get so scared. They get hit once and they don’t want anything to do with football anymore. They’ll sit on the bench and pretend their leg hurts†¦"(qtd. In Tosched A32). This quote is a true statement because if a six-year-old child is playing peewee football with an eight-year-old, the eight-year old is a lot bigger that the six year old is and he could cause physical hurt to the six-year-olds tiny body. The psychological part of the story would be that the child would be so scared that he might get hurt which causes physical hurt as well as mental hurt and may scar the ! child for the rest of their life, when that child could of been the next pro- football player of the next century.

An audience’s responce to Hedda gabler Essay

Hedda Gabler is a dramatic, exciting, confusing and at times unpleasant character, who is frustrated by a lack a freedom where she cannot be the wild and unstable free spirit that she wishes and this shines through throughout the play. From this frustration comes immense boredom which is in her case very deadly. She embodies some of the typical Aristotelian qualities of a tragic protagonist but Ibsen has put a strange twist on it. For example she is a woman of fortune. It has been made clear in the book that she was born into this high class lifestyle and has this fortune by no endeavour of her own. Therefore, by being placed at the top of the hierarchy, she has further to fall and there is more at risk than the average person. However, she is not really someone that people can identify or can have sympathy for, as neither generous nor courageous. Also, as is common her fatal flaw is her snobbery or pride. However, Aristotle’s notion of hamarita states that it is a ‘ matter of action’ not the character themselves. I don’t believe this applies her and agree with the 20th century interpretation. This is not brought about by the unfortunate circumstances more than the character themselves. This applies very much to Hedda as her ‘conflicted individual moral psychology which brings about the opposite of what the character intends’. The Norwegian playwright, Henrik Ibsen was very specific about the time when he set Hedda Gabler. The late 19th century was a time where woman were secluded and deluded into an oppressive and subjugate lifestyle. Ibsen puts Hedda in this male dominated were she challenges the conventional middle class bourgeois housewife by acting in a dictating and manly way witch were to shock the 19th century audience at this truly outrageous and outspoken character. The audience can therefore not identify with Hedda because in more ways than one she brings about her own demise. The local newspapers and media were disgraced; such as the daily telegraph which said ‘What a horrible story! What a hideous play! †¦ The play is simply a bad escape of moral sewage-gas’ Describing Hedda’s feelings as ‘the foulest passions in humanity’. This shows that the most tragic thing to me is that there are people her in this world. The play is started off with the stage layout, witch Ibsen perceptibly and carefully layout, giving a very bourgeois atmosphere each object has a lot of meaning to show the tragic nature of the play and Hedda. For example there are a lot of dark and dull colours hinting to things; such as saying ‘autumn colours’. Ibsen is using pathetic fallacy to show Hedda’s state of mind. Autumn is a time were everything around us is dying, dead leaves on the floor and animals hibernating. A time were there seems to be a deafening silence in the air following the summer which is usually buzzing with life. This could mean that maybe Hedda has passed the summer time in her life. A time when she was herself bloom perhaps and a time when she was also buzzing with colourful life. It is mentioned that Hedda used to go to parties and be a socialite. Then we see her state of mind at the present which is autumn. This already sets the scene of this play as pessimistic and cold. This is unusual for Ibsen’s targeted audience as they were used to cheerful and uplifting entertainment. Something to bewitch them into thinking their lifestyle was perfect as it was, which Hedda Gabler does not do in the slightest. Another thing that might have stunned the audience is Hedda’s awkwardness towards Miss Tesman and Mrs Elvsted. At a time were woman only socialized with woman it is interesting to see how she treats her fellow females in such a horrible manner. This is shown towards the beginning of Act1 were she call’s Miss Tesman’s hat to be servants hat. As Miss Tesman is Mr Tesman’s mother figure she should also traditionally be Hedda’s too, so by disrespecting like that would cause the audience to empathise with Miss Tesman and detest Hedda and her behaviour. Hedda also has a very unusual characteristics she presented by Ibsen in a very masculine way. By doing this she is emasculating George Tesman. To begin with he does this himself with Mrs Tesman, the keyword for the first is claustrophobic for Hedda; witch, with me, causes some sympathy for Hedda. With a combination of the childish nicknames (like Georgie and aunty juju) and the dreaded flowers make it as much cringe worthy to the audience as it was to Hedda, which is shown when they leave when The most prominent way that this is done is through the pistols, General Gabler’s pistols.

Wage Gap Between Genders

Earnings often signify how in dividends are valued socially and economically, therefore earning ratios between men and omen have been essential for social movements. The remaining is often wage discriminate ion since it is the difference in earnings between identical males and females. Women with equal 1 credentials should be paid equal as men Pay Equity & Discrimination Women should be paid equally as men because gender makes no difference I n what a person can do on the job.The resulting â€Å"urban legends† of gender difference can affect men and women at work and at home, as parents and as partners. When it co mess to personal relationships, bestselling books and popular magazines often claim t at women and men don't get along because they communicate too differently. A lot of people believe that just being female they can not do the same as males. The fact that people belie eve females to be physically and mentally shows discrimination in genders. Women are been g put dow n because of their gender but can be physically and mentally better than men.As stated in Human Psychology 101 most discrimination is due to past prejudice. Whooped and ‘Pay Equity & Discrimination Institute for women's policy 201 1. 9 DCE. 20 14 others were regarded as women's most significant professions. Since e early times women have been uniquely viewed as a creative source of human life. Women should be paid equally as men because historically the inequality has proven to be pure discrimination.Discrimination between genders is deeply rooted in our modern society. The gender pay gap affects all Women, but for Women Of cool r the wage gap is worse. Asian American women's salaries show the smallest gender pay gap, at 90 percent of white men's earnings. Hispanic women's salaries show the largest gap, at 5 4 percent of white men's earnings. White men are used as a benchmark because they make e up the largest demographic group in the labor force. Let is unlawful to harass a person because of that person's sex.Harassment can include â€Å"sexual harassment† or unwelcome sex al advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sex al nature. Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include offensive remarks about a person's goalmouths the law doesn't prohibit simple teasing g, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal I when it is so request or severe that It creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision..Most discrimination is caused due to either peer pressure to curry favor with their friends around them, or because they have a total lack k of selectors and selfsame, and they can't feel good about who they are unless they are p outing down someone else, or making another person feel badly. In the past most believed that the male gender was the superior gender and put women down to keep it that way. W omen were first thought to only be made to carry children and do household chores.Before it as prohibited for women to have professions except for teaching and writing. Some feared t hat the female gender would take over. It is unlawful to harass a person because of that person's sex. Discrimination between genders is nothing new; it all goes back to before cool nail times. In the 1 9th century the medical profession was an example of a change d attitude. Beginning in the 19th century education was required but, women were bare d from attending colleges for any profession other than teaching.This usually proven Ted women that married and bore child's at young ages to begin any professional career they c SSE. Around this time discrimination rose. For example in 1846 the American Medical Sass conation barred women from being members. It wasn't until 1915 that the American Medical a association began to allow female admittance-Since the signing Of the equal pay act Of 1 9 63, it is now illegal to pay men and women substantially different wages for equal work (N WAC, 2013).Pay difference between men and women remains a hot topic that keeps resume facing over the years and reasons behind the gap are highly debated. Gendered violence (GOB) is violence that is directed against a person on t he basis of gender. It constitutes a breach of the fundamental right to life, liberty, security, dignity, equality between women and men, nondiscrimination and physical an d mental integrity. Gendered violence and violence against women are often used indistinguishable as most gendered violence is inflicted by men on women and girls.Gendered violence includes: domestic violence, sexual harassment, rape, sexual violence during conflict an d harmful customary or traditional practices such as female genital mutilation, f arced marriages and honor crimes trafficking in women, forced prostitution and violations of human rights in AR De conflict (in particular murder, sys tematic rape, sexual slavery and forced pregnancy) ; forced sterilization, forced abortion, coercive use of contraceptives, female infanticide and prenatal sex selection. Domestic violence remains one of the most widespread forms of genders violence.Battering, often referred to as domestic violence happens to women of every age, race, class, and nationality. Battering takes many forms and includes a RA Eng of threatening and harmful behavior. It may take the form of verbal and emotion anal abuse, with the direct or implied threat of violence. Gender equality is a human right. Gender Equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for the creation of sustainable and p useful societies. Women are entitled to live with dignity and with freedom from want and from fear.Women are treated in many other aspects Of life as equals so why not be paid equally also. Gender equality is at the very heart of human rights and United Nations values. A fundamental principle of the United Nations Charter adopted by woo RL leaders in 1945 is â€Å"equal rights for men and women†, and protecting and promoting woo men's human rights is the responsibility of all States. Empowered women contribute o the health and productivity of whole families and communities, and they improve pros sects for the next generation.All women and girls have equal access to quality education, employment, housing, and health, irrespective of race, class, income, immigrant Zion Status or involvement with the criminal justice system. For more than 30 years, LINEN A has advocated for women and girls, promoting legal and policy reforms and gene resistive data collection, and supporting initiatives that improve women's health and e expand their choices in life. Protecting and promoting her reproductive rights is essential t ensuring her freedom to participate more fully and equally in society.The UCLA has alls o been working to secure gender rights and ensure all women's are abl e to lead lives of dignity free from violence and discrimination. They have been making sure that educe action privileges are equal between genders. They keep all job opportunities the as me. All opportunities are being kept equal yet women still haven't been given an ex. al and fair amount of pay. Women have been in the workforce for generations. They strives to be equal to men and gain the same rights as them.